摘要:
Disclosed is a plant for producing aquatic biomass. The plant comprises a pond adapted for growing aquatic biomass, a system for providing CO2 to said pond, and a CO2 capturing material capable of reversibly capturing CO2. The CO2 capturing makes it possible to uncouple the production of the aquatic biomass from the availability of CO2, both in terms of time and location. For example, CO2 produced during the night may be stored, and supplied to the pond during sunlight hours. Or CO2 produced at a remote location may be stored and transported to the pond.
摘要:
Biomass particles are modified by associating the particles with carbon fibers. The carbon fibers may be coated onto the biomass particles, or may be embedded within the biomass particles. As a result of the association with carbon fibers the particles are more susceptible to conversion to bioliquid.
摘要:
A catalytic process is disclosed for converting solid or high viscosity carbon-based energy carrier materials, such as heavy crudes, oil sands, synthetic polymeric wastes and cellulosic or aquatic biomass. The conversion temperature is less than 450° C. The reaction products are separated from the catalyst within 10 seconds after being formed. The temperature of the reaction products is lowered to less than 200° C. within 10 seconds after being formed. The process results in less deterioration of the reaction products.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for producing a mixture of CO and H2 (syn-gas). The method comprises contacting particles containing a coke deposit with oxygenated molecules derived from biomass. In a preferred embodiment the particles are catalyst particles. The method may be carried out in the regenerator of a conventional fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit.
摘要:
Fluid catalytic cracking process comprising the steps of (a) preparing a physical 5 mixture comprising (i) aluminium trihydrate and/or flash-calcined aluminium trihydrate and (ii) a divalent metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, or hydroxycarbonate, (b) shaping the physical mixture of step a) to form fluidisable particles, and (c) adding the fluidisable particles obtained from step b) or step c) to a fluid catalytic cracking unit. In this FCC process, active sites of the catalyst composition are formed in-situ, i.e. in the FCC unit, without requiring peptisation, aging, or calcination steps prior to the addition of the composition to the hydrocarbon conversion unit.
摘要:
A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NOx emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NOx emissions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a composition comprising anionic clay and rare earth metal hydroxy carbonate. This composition can suitably be used in FCC for the reduction of NOx and/or SOx emissions, the reduction of the S and/or N-content in fuels, and as a metal trap.The composition can be prepared by precipitating a divalent metal salt, a trivalent metal salt, and a rare earth metal salt to form a precipitate, calcining the precipitate at 200-800° C., and rehydrating the precipitate in the presence of a carbonate source to form a composition comprising anionic clay and a rare earth metal hydroxy carbonate.
摘要:
Disclosed is a hydrothermal treatment process for conversion of a carbon-based energy carrier material. The process comprises a step for sensitizing or activating the carbon based energy carrier material to increase its susceptibility to hydrothermal conversion. As a result of the sensitization step, the hydrothermal conversion step itself may be carried out under relatively mild conditions.The process comprises the steps of sensitizing the carbon-based energy carrier material to increase its susceptibility to hydrothermal conversion; and subjecting the sensitized carbon-based energy carrier material to hydrothermal conversion at a temperature of less than 300 degrees centigrade in a hydrothermal treatment reactor.
摘要:
Metal-containing composition and use thereof in catalytic reactions, which metal-containing composition is obtainable by contacting a metal hydroxy salt with a solution comprising one or more pH-dependent anions selected from the group consisting of pH-dependent boron-containing anions, vanadium-containing anions, tungsten-containing anions, molybdenum-containing anions, iron-containing anions, niobium-containing anions, tantalum-containing anions, aluminium-containing anions, and gallium-containing anions.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of catalyst particles with a particle diameter in the range 20–2000 microns involving the steps of agitating at least two dry catalyst ingredients, spraying a liquid binding agent on the catalyst ingredients while continuing the agitation, and isolating formed catalyst particles with the desired particle diameter and comprising the catalyst ingredients. In contrast to the conventional way of preparing such particles, spray-drying, the present process allows the formation of small particles from slurries with a high solids content. Hence, smaller amounts of liquid have to be evaporated, which makes the process energy efficient.