摘要:
A digital watermark embedding apparatus for embedding embedding information, as digital watermark, into an input signal having dimensions equal to or greater than N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2) and a digital watermark detection apparatus for detecting the digital watermark are disclosed. The digital watermark embedding apparatus generates an embedding sequence based on embedding information, generates a N−1-dimensional pattern based on the embedding sequence, generates N-dimensional embedding pattern by modulating a periodic signal according to a value on the N−1-dimensional pattern, and superimposing the embedding pattern in the input signal and outputs it. The digital watermark detection apparatus measures a component of a predetermined periodic signal in a direction of a dimension of the input signal to obtain a N−1-dimensional pattern, obtains a detection sequence from values of the N−1 dimensional pattern, and detects embedded digital watermark based on a size of correlation value between the detection sequence and an embedding sequence.
摘要:
A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a copper film above a surface of a substrate, forming on a polishing pad a material which contains copper, wherein said copper does not derive from said copper film, and after having formed the copper-containing material on said polishing pad, polishing said copper film by use of said polishing pad.
摘要:
An aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing contains water, a polyvinylpyrrolidone having a weight-average molecular weight exceeding 200,000, an oxidant, a protective film-forming agent and abrasive grains, the protective film-forming agent containing a first metal compound-forming agent which forms a water-insoluble metal compound, and a second metal compound-forming agent which forms a water-soluble metal compound. The aqueous dispersion is capable of uniformly and stably polishing a metal film at low friction without causing defects in a metal film and an insulating film.
摘要:
The power window system moves a window glass in opening and closing directions in response to operation of an opening and closing instruction switch. The power window system includes a measurement device for obtaining an open degree of the window glass and a control device for controlling movement of the window glass in response to operation of the switch. The control device moves the window glass in the closing direction when an open degree obtained by the measurement device is not less than a predetermined degree and in the opening direction when the open degree is less than the predetermined degree.
摘要:
The present invention is to provide a power regulated window having a window glass to be closed intentionally when some foreign body is pinched by the window glass for security reasons. When a close signal is output to a semiconductor switching element from window regulator switches, the window glass is closed. When some foreign body such as arm or fingers is pinched by the window glass, a load current of a motor becomes abnormal and the motor rotates reversely to open the window glass in order not to damage the foreign body. Besides this protective function, when the foreign body is pinched by the window glass and a prohibit signal to invalidate the reverse rotation is output, a reversing controller is stopped and the window glass is closed continuously by a bypass switching element.
摘要:
A power-window jamming preventing apparatus, includes a current sensing circuit, which senses a motor current flowing through a motor; a current limiting circuit, which increases and decreases the motor current based on a current-limitation control signal outputted from the current sensing circuit when an amount of increase of the motor current exceeds a predetermined vale; and a jamming determining circuit, which determines a jamming of a foreign matter in the window glass, and a potential difference generating circuit, which monitors a power source voltage supplied to the current sensing circuit and the power window motor, and which clamps a third reference voltage so as to drop a constant voltage from the third reference when the power source is low such that a potential difference between the second reference voltage and the third reference voltage is kept greater than a predetermined voltage.
摘要:
A power-window jamming preventing apparatus, includes a current sensing circuit, which senses a motor current flowing through a motor for driving a window glass; a current limiting circuit, which increases and decreases the motor current based on a current-limitation control signal outputted from the current sensing circuit when an amount of increase of the motor current exceeds a predetermined vale; a jamming determining circuit, which determines a jamming of a foreign matter in the window glass based on increase of the motor current to reverse a rotation of the motor; and a charge/discharge controlling circuit which monitors a voltage level of a charge/discharge controlling signal, and controls a charging/discharging circuit to keep a third reference voltage constant when the charge/discharge controlling signal having one of voltage levels is continuously outputted for a predetermined time.
摘要:
A process for the production of bisphenol A, including providing a melt of a crystalline adduct of bisphenol A and phenol, contacting the melt with a cation donating solid to neutralize the strong acid therewith, and then heating the melt to vaporize and remove phenol from the melt.