摘要:
An illumination apparatus for illuminating a target surface using light includes a light source that emits the light, a reflection integrator that forms plural secondary light sources using the light from the light source, and an optical unit that differentiates Helmholtz-Lagrange invariants in two orthogonal directions with respect to the light incident upon the reflection integrator.
摘要:
The present invention uses the storage resources of a storage system effectively, thereby reducing the cost of the storage system and improving its usability. The storage system comprises a first storage apparatus and a second storage apparatus. When a host writes data to a virtual volume, the data are written into a pool area. A management table associates an address in the virtual volume with a pointer indicating the data stored in the pool area. The usage amount of the pool area is monitored. When the usage amount of the pool area reaches a predetermined value, a search for available capacity is performed. An unused external volume is detected and associated with an externally connected volume. The data stored in the pool area are then copied to the externally connected volume.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus for exposing a mask pattern onto an object by using a light with wavelength of approximately 11 nm, said exposure apparatus including a projection optical system that includes a reflection-type optical element that has a multilayer film including a Be layer, and a reflection-type mask including a multilayer film that includes a first layer that has a first refractive index, and a second layer that has a second refractive index that has a real part that is larger than a real part of the first refractive index, said reflection-type mask includes the mask pattern, wherein said the first layer includes a beryllium, chrome, cobalt, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, or tungsten, wherein said the second layer includes a lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, silicon, aluminum, titanium, scandium, iron, germanium, lanthanum, magnesium, tungsten, strontium, yttrium, or zirconium.
摘要:
A phase-change optical recording medium capable of performing recording and reproduction at a high speed is provided, in which a reproduced signal output is not only sufficiently large but the phase-change optical recording medium also has excellent repeated rewriting performance. An interface layer 3, which is composed of a Ge—Si—N-based material, is formed on at least a surface of one side of a recording layer 4 of the phase-change optical recording medium 10. Accordingly, even when a phase-change material having a high melting point, for example, a Bi—Ge—Te-based phase-change material is used for the recording layer 4, it is possible to provide the phase-change optical recording medium in which the reproduced signal output is sufficiently large and the repeated rewriting performance is excellent.
摘要:
A debris removing system prevents debris from being scattered from an X-ray source. The debris removing system includes an attracting unit, disposed between a light emission point of the X-ray source and the optical system, for attracting debris. The attracting unit has an attracting surface parallel or approximately parallel to an axis passing through the light emission point. The debris removing system further includes a rotation unit for rotating the attracting unit about the axis. This debris removing system assures a superior debris removing effect and a good EUV light utilization efficiency, being compatible with each other.
摘要:
A measurement apparatus has a first detector for measuring an intensity such that a sheet-shaped beam of synchrotron radiation is integrated over the entire range of the beam in the thickness direction thereof; a second detector for measuring the intensity of the beam at two points where positions along the direction are different; and a calculating device for calculating the magnitude of the beam in the direction on the basis of the detections by the first and second detectors.
摘要:
Fault diagnosis of hydraulic pumps is made automatically during an actual operation of a working machine, particularly when there is a problem with horsepower limiting control of the hydraulic pumps. A controller 50 performs horsepower limiting control for a plurality of variable displacement hydraulic pumps 1 to 6. The controller 50 measures a pump delivery pressure and pump delivery rate of each hydraulic pump when the pump delivery rate reaches a maximum during operation of the hydraulic drive system based on their detected values, collects the measured values as fault diagnostic data, and then compares a calculated target pump delivery rate with the collected pump delivery rate to decide if there is a fault of the hydraulic pump.
摘要:
An exposure method for transferring a pattern of a mask onto a member to be exposed. The method includes the steps of making preparations for exposure while a protection cover is attached to the mask, executing alignment between the member to be exposed and the mask while the protection cover is detached from the mask, and executing exposure with X-rays while the protection cover is detached from the mask.
摘要:
An X-ray exposure apparatus includes a partition structure for defining therein an ambience of one of an atmospheric pressure and a reduced pressure, for accommodating an X-ray mask and an article to be exposed, an X-ray window provided on the partition structure for spatially isolating the inside of the partition structure and an X-ray source, and having a function for transmitting therethrough an X-ray beam with which the article as placed inside the partition structure can be exposed through the X-ray mask, and a scanning mechanism for scanningly moving the X-ray window in a direction intersecting with an optical axis of the X-ray beam, in a single exposure and without interruption at least from just before the start of the exposure to just after the end of the exposure.
摘要:
An apparatus for transferring a pattern of a mask onto a substrate with radiation light from a synchrotron radiation light source, includes a first mirror for collectively reflecting radiation light from the synchrotron radiation light source, and a second mirror for reflecting radiation light from the first mirror and for projecting the same to the mask. When a light ray advancing from a light emission point of the light source toward a center of a predetermined region of the mask, to be transferred to the substrate, is taken as a chief ray, when a normal to each of the first and second mirrors at an incidence position of a corresponding chief ray is taken as a Z axis, when a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the Z axis of each mirror and a corresponding chief ray is taken as an X axis, and when a Y axis is taken along a direction perpendicular to the Z axis and X axis of each mirror, the first mirror has a reflection surface of a shape which is concave with respect to the X axis direction and concave with respect to the Y axis direction, while the second mirror has a reflection surface of a shape which is convex with respect to the Y axis direction.