公开(公告)号：US5784189A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US569158

申请日：1995-12-21

Applicant: Carl O. Bozler ,  Steven Rabe

Inventor： Carl O. Bozler ,  Steven Rabe

IPC: G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G09F9/37 ,  H01H59/00 ,  G02F1/03

CPC classification number: G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/0833 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  G09F9/372 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  H01H2001/0042 ,  H01H2059/0018 ,  H01H2059/0081 ,  H01H59/0009

Abstract: A spatial light modulator formed of a moveable electrode which is disposed opposite a fixed electrode and is biased to roll in a preferred direction upon application of an electric field across the electrodes to produce a light valve or light shutter. In one embodiment, the moveable electrode is restrained at one end and coils about the fixed end in a preferential roll direction. The bias is achieved by inducing anisotropic stress or anisotropic stiffness.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / US93 / 06342 Sec。 371 1995年12月21日第 102（e）日期1995年12月21日PCT提交1993年7月2日PCT公布。 出版物WO95 / 0162400 日期1995年1月12日一种由可移动电极形成的空间光调制器，该可移动电极与固定电极相对设置，并且在施加电极两端的电场之后被偏置成在优选方向上滚动以产生光阀或光闸。 在一个实施例中，可移动电极被限制在一端并以优先的滚动方向围绕固定端盘绕。 通过诱发各向异性压力或各向异性刚度来实现偏置。

公开(公告)号：US5781331A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

申请号：US787307

申请日：1997-01-24

Applicant: William N. Carr ,  Xi-qing Sun

Inventor： William N. Carr ,  Xi-qing Sun

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02F1/01

CPC classification number: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02B6/353 ,  G02B6/3552 ,  G02B6/3566 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B6/3584

Abstract: An optical shutter apparatus includes a source of illumination and a first aperture plate positioned in a path of light from the source of illumination. A cantilever shutter is positioned at each aperture in the aperture plate and includes at least two bonded layers, one being an electrically resistive layer which exhibits a first thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) and the second layer exhibiting a second TCE that is different from the first TCE. A proximal end of the bonded layers is attached to the aperture plate at each aperture and a distal portion thereof covers the respective aperture when in position thereover. A controller applies signals to the first electrically resistive layer to cause a heating of the first and second layers and a resultant unequal expansion thereof. The expansion causes a flexure of the cantilever shutter and moves the distal portion thereof to either cover or uncover the aperture, which, when uncovered, allows transmission of the illumination therethrough.

Abstract translation: 光学快门装置包括照明源和位于来自照明源的光的路径中的第一孔板。 悬臂快门位于孔板中的每个孔处，并且包括至少两个接合层，一个是呈现第一热膨胀系数（TCE）的电阻层，并且第二层呈现与第二热膨胀系数不同的第二TCE 第一次TCE。 接合层的近端在每个孔处附接到孔板，并且其远端部分在其上的位置处覆盖相应的孔。 控制器将信号施加到第一电阻层以引起第一层和第二层的加热，并导致其不均匀的膨胀。 膨胀导致悬臂快门的弯曲并使其远端部分移动以覆盖或露出孔，当未被覆盖时，允许照射透过其中。

公开(公告)号：US5764053A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-09

申请号：US502509

申请日：1995-07-14

Applicant: John Robbins ,  Shachar Nadler

Inventor： John Robbins ,  Shachar Nadler

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01B7/14 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J2003/2866

Abstract: An apparatus for use in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) or in other optical apparatus provides a moveable or oscillating aperture. It has a sensor for detecting the position of the aperture, and a drive for oscillating the aperture; the drive and sensor can comprise coils forming a linear variable differential transformer, and the aperture can be spring biased to a neutral position. A control circuit is connected between the coil or other sensor and the drive coils, so that the motion of the aperture follows a desired profile. This enables significant parts of the apertures motion to be constrained to be linear. The aperture can be provided in a shuttle mounted on extension arms, whose ends are connected to resilient biassing means which serve both to support the shuttle and to bias it. More preferably, extension arms extend through pole pieces of magnets, which provide a magnetic field for drive coils. Another aspect of the invention provides a telescope apparatus, for a DOAS technique, including a baffle moveable between calibration and operational positions. This enables light from the light source to be transmitted either for measurement or for calibration allowing for changes in lamp output, etc.

Abstract translation: 用于差分光吸收光谱（DOAS）或其他光学装置的装置提供可移动或摆动的光圈。 它具有用于检测孔的位置的传感器和用于使孔径摆动的驱动器; 驱动器和传感器可以包括形成线性可变差动变压器的线圈，并且孔可以被弹簧偏压到中立位置。 控制电路连接在线圈或其它传感器与驱动线圈之间，使得孔的运动遵循期望的轮廓。 这使得孔的大部分运动被限制为线性的。 孔可以设置在安装在延伸臂上的穿梭件中，其端部连接到弹性偏压装置，其用于支撑梭子并偏置。 更优选地，延伸臂延伸穿过磁体的极片，磁体片为驱动线圈提供磁场。 本发明的另一方面提供了一种用于DOAS技术的望远镜装置，其包括可在校准位置和操作位置之间移动的挡板。 这使得来自光源的光被传输用于测量或校准，从而允许灯输出的变化等。

公开(公告)号：US5570180A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

申请号：US518194

申请日：1995-08-23

Applicant: Yoshiroh Nagai

Inventor： Yoshiroh Nagai

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/04

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0237 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/2846 ,  G01J2003/1273

Abstract: A multi-slit type spectrometer includes a light diffracter which diffracts an incident light according to wavelengths; an optical shutter array member including a plurality of optical shutter elements arranged in correspondence with wavelength bands diffracted by the light diffracter, operable to transmit an incident ray according to an applied voltage, and made of PLZT. A zone of a given number of adjacent optical shutter elements is applied with a voltage corresponding to the wavelength bands of the rays incident upon the zone of adjacent optical shutter elements at a specified timing so that the rays respectively pass through or are reflected at the optical shutter elements. A signal processor receives the ray which has passed through or has been reflected at each optical shutter element and outputs an electrical signal according to the intensity of the received ray. A calculator calculates the intensity of the incident ray for each wavelength band in accordance with the electrical signal output from the signal processor and the specified applying timing.

Abstract translation: 多狭缝型光谱仪包括根据波长衍射入射光的光致畸变器; 光学快门阵列部件，其包括与由光致变色器衍射的波长带对应地布置的多个光学快门元件，可操作以根据施加的电压传输入射光线，并由PLZT制成。 给定数量的相邻光学快门元件的区域以指定的时刻施加与入射在相邻光学快门元件的区域上的光线的波段相对应的电压，使得光线分别通过或者被反射在光学 快门元素 信号处理器接收已经通过或已经在每个光学快门元件反射的光线，并根据所接收的光线的强度输出电信号。 计算器根据从信号处理器输出的电信号和指定的施加定时计算每个波段的入射光线的强度。

公开(公告)号：US4285596A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

申请号：US825155

申请日：1977-08-16

Applicant: Isaac J. Landa

Inventor： Isaac J. Landa

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/2853 ,  G01J3/1838

Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results in maximum light throughput. Fiber optics are also employed and arranged to meet the optimum requirements of the system for light collection and transmission through portions of the optical system.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的光学系统，用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析。 利用以高速振荡的凹面全息衍射光栅，通过一系列波长快速扫描单色光。 光栅通过包括相同形状的共轭凸轮的独特的凸轮驱动结构以非常高的速度被正向驱动。 光栅的快速扫描使得能够通过大量循环的平均来减少噪声误差。 它还减少测量时间，从而防止过度暴露于光能的样品加热。 具有用于漂移校正的暗段的滤光轮在光路中旋转并与光栅同步。 源光学器件用于为特定应用最佳地形成光源。 系统光学器件还包括透镜的独特布置，包括柱面透镜，以获得最佳的光源形状，其导致最大光通量。 还采用并布置光纤以满足通过光学系统的部分的光收集和透射的系统的最佳要求。

公开(公告)号：US4043668A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-23

申请号：US561369

申请日：1975-03-24

Applicant: Alexander F. H. Goetz ,  Richard A. Graham ,  Tetsuo Ozawa

Inventor： Alexander F. H. Goetz ,  Richard A. Graham ,  Tetsuo Ozawa

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01J3/32 ,  G01J2003/1217 ,  G01J2003/123 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01N2021/3174

Abstract: A portable reflectance spectrometer is disclosed. The spectrometer essentially includes an optical unit and an electronic recording unit. The optical unit includes a pair of thermoelectrically-cooled detectors, for detecting total radiance and selected radiance projected through a circular variable filter wheel, and is capable of operating to provide spectral data in the range 0.4 .mu.m to 2.5 .mu.m without requiring conventional substitution of filter elements. The electronic recording unit essentially includes power supplies, amplifiers, and digital recording electronics designed to permit recordation of data on tape casettes. Both the optical unit and electronic recording unit are packaged to permit carriage as backpack items and thereby be manually portable.

Abstract translation: 公开了便携式反射光谱仪。 光谱仪基本上包括光学单元和电子记录单元。 光学单元包括一对热电冷却检测器，用于检测通过圆形可变滤光轮投射的总辐射度和选定辐射，并且能够操作以提供0.4μm至2.5μm范围内的光谱数据，而不需要常规替代 的过滤元件。 电子记录单元基本上包括设计用于允许在磁带盒上记录数据的电源，放大器和数字记录电子设备。 光学单元和电子记录单元都被包装以允许作为背包物品运输，从而可手动地携带。

公开(公告)号：US3877812A

公开(公告)日：1975-04-15

申请号：US32824073

申请日：1973-01-31

Applicant: WILKS SCIENTIFIC CORP

Inventor： THOMPSON DUANE T

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01N21/314

Abstract: There is disclosed a multiple wavelength infrared spectrometer. It includes an optical chopper and a pendulum-like filter carrier which inserts a plurality of filters sequentially into the radiation beam. Filter changes occur during an opaque period of the chopper and each filter remains in place for a predetermined number of radiation pulses. The radiation passes through the sample and onto a detector which produces an electrical signal. An electronic circuit operates upon the signal so produced to provide an output proportional to sample absorbance.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种多波长红外光谱仪。 它包括一个光斩波器和一个将多个滤波器顺序插入到辐射束中的摆式滤波器载体。 在斩波器的不透明时段期间发生滤波器变化，并且每个滤波器保持在预定数量的辐射脉冲的适当位置。 辐射通过样品并进入产生电信号的检测器。 电子电路根据所产生的信号进行操作，以提供与样品吸光度成比例的输出。

公开(公告)号：US3769516A

公开(公告)日：1973-10-30

申请号：US3769516D

申请日：1972-12-04

Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

Inventor： MARKLE D ,  SCHLESINGER E

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01J3/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N2021/6426 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: A fluorescence radiation detector of the Fraunhofer line discriminator type. A sky telescope and an earth telescope each form radiation beams which are directed to a single optical chopper. The chopper sequentially directs each beam through a single Fabry-Perot filter centered at the Fraunhofer line and a single neutral density filter. The chopped segments are recombined to form a beam containing A, B, C, and D portions in time sequence where: A the direct solar intensity within the continuum; B the direct solar intensity inside the selected Fraunhofer line; C the reflected solar intensity inside the selected Fraunhofer line; and D the reflected solar intensity in the continuum. A single photomultiplier tube with a blocking filter in front receives the beam and produces corresponding sequential electrical pulses which are electronically processed to yield fluorescence (p) from the equation

Abstract translation: Fraunhofer线鉴别器类型的荧光辐射检测器。 天空望远镜和地球望远镜均形成指向单个光斩波器的辐射束。 斩波器顺序地引导每个光束穿过以弗劳恩霍夫线为中心的单个法布里 - 珀罗滤光片和单个中性密度滤光片。 将切碎的片段重新组合以形成包含A，B，C和D部分的束，其中：

公开(公告)号：US3458702A

公开(公告)日：1969-07-29

申请号：US3458702D

申请日：1965-08-24

Applicant: DRYDEN HUGH L ,  NASA

Inventor： AMEER GEORGE A ,  WALTERS RICHARD M

IPC: B64G3/00 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01J3/42 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: B64G3/00 ,  B64G2700/00 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J2003/2866

公开(公告)号：US3347144A

公开(公告)日：1967-10-17

申请号：US46817365

申请日：1965-06-29

Applicant: KENDALL PAUL A

Inventor： KENDALL PAUL A

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G03B9/08

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G03B9/08