摘要:
A surface optical apparatus that includes a surface optical device with p-side and n-side electrodes, such as a surface emitting laser, a first substrate for supporting the surface optical device directly or through an elastic supporter formed of one or plural layers, and a first electrode wiring of at least a wire formed on the first substrate and electrically connected to one of the electrodes. A current is injected into or a voltage is applied across the surface optical device through the first electrode wiring and the p-side and n-side electrodes. A photodetector for detecting light from the surface optical device may also be arranged in the vicinity of the optical device.
摘要:
A dye-forming coupler of the formula (I). A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material that contains at least one dye-forming coupler of the formula (I). A method for producing an azomethine dye, which method comprises using a compound of the formula (I): wherein E is an aryl, heterocyclic, or —C(═O)W group, in which W is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, Z is an aryl or heterocyclic group, and X and Y each independently are ═O, ═S or ═N—R, in which R is a substituent, with the proviso that when E is an aryl or heterocyclic group, X and Y each are ═O, and that when E is a —C(═O)W group, Z is a substituted aryl group.
摘要:
The movable-body apparatus includes a support member, a movable body, an elastic supporting unit having a twisting longitudinal axis, and a driving unit for tilting the movable body in a tilting direction about the twisting longitudinal axis. The elastic supporting unit supports the movable body flexibly and rotatably about the twisting longitudinal axis relative to the support member. The driving unit includes a stationary portion provided apart from the movable body, and a moving core formed of a magnetic material, provided on a portion of the movable body, and has a face opposed to the stationary portion.
摘要:
The power-supply unit, while directing externally supplied power to the control unit and the like, accumulates an amount of power that is required by the control unit to save data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory. When an external power supply has started, the control unit restores data of the non-volatile memory in the volatile memory; and when the external power supply has stopped, the control unit saves data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory.
摘要:
An image projector of the present invention which is capable of automatically adjusting a size of an image area and a focal distance has light sources with a device for modulating light for forming an image, a measuring light source for supplying measuring light, a mixing optical system for mixing the light for forming an image and the measuring light on one optical axis, a projection device for scanning the light mixed by the mixing optical system and projecting the mixed light onto a screen, a photodetector for detecting the measuring light reflected by the screen, and correction devices for correcting an image by controlling the projected light on the basis of a result of detection by the photodetector.
摘要:
The color light-sensitive material has at least four light-sensitive layers of different spectral sensitivity waveforms in a visible range, with a covariance between spectral sensitivities of at least four light-sensitive layers being no more than 0.5, and at least four light-sensitive layers, after development processing, being colored with color materials having different spectral absorption waveforms. The image processing method and apparatus expose and develop the color light-sensitive material described above to form an image, allow the image formed on the color light-sensitive material to be entered by an image input device having at least four light-sensitive portions of different spectral sensitivity waveforms and perform color transformation with an image converting unit on an input image obtained by entering.
摘要:
Data is read out from a ferroelectric film with its remnant polarization associated with one of two possible logical states of the data and with a bias voltage applied to a control gate electrode over the ferroelectric film. The ferroelectric film creates either up or down remnant polarization. So the down remnant polarization may represent data “1” while the up or almost zero remnant polarization may represent data “0”, for example. By regarding the almost zero remnant polarization state as representing data “0”, a read current value becomes substantially constant in the data “0” state. As a result, the read accuracy improves. Also, if imprinting of one particular logical state (e.g., data “1”) is induced in advance, then the read accuracy further improves.
摘要:
The semiconductor memory of this invention includes an MFMIS transistor including a field effect transistor and a ferroelectric capacitor formed above the field effect transistor. The semiconductor memory has a characteristic that a value of (&sgr;−p) is substantially not changed with time in a relational expression, V=(d/&egr;0)×(&sgr;−p), which holds among a potential difference V between an upper electrode and a lower electrode, a surface density of charge &sgr; of a ferroelectric film, polarization charge p of the ferroelectric film, a thickness d of the ferroelectric film and a dielectric constant &egr;0 of vacuum when a data is written in the MFMIS transistor and the ferroelectric film is in a polarized state.
摘要:
A method for fabricating a capacitor for an integrated circuit, comprising the steps of forming a titanium film for an adhesion layer over a substrate, forming a titanium dioxide film for a diffusion barrier layer by annealing the titanium film after ion-implantation of oxygen ion into a surface region of the titanium film so as to change titanium in the surface region to titanium dioxide, and forming a high dielectric constant capacitor on the titanium dioxide film.
摘要:
In a method for driving a semiconductor memory including a ferroelectric capacitor for storing a multi-valued data in accordance with a displacement of polarization of a ferroelectric film and a detector connected to one of an upper electrode and a lower electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor for detecting the displacement of the polarization of the ferroelectric film, the multi-valued data is read by detecting the displacement of the polarization of the ferroelectric film by the detector under application of a reading voltage to the other of the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor, and then, the reading voltage applied to the latter electrode is removed. The reading voltage has such magnitude that the displacement of the polarization of the ferroelectric film is restored to that obtained before reading the multi-valued data by removing the reading voltage.