Abstract:
The invention is related to a method for processing biomass derived from plants or animals, comprising the steps of: a. pre treating said material with an aqueous solution of acid or base; b. subsequently passaging saturated or super heated steam through said material, wherein the water activity of the process is controlled by means of temperature and pressure of the super heated steam to be less than 1, preferably less than 0.8, more preferably in the range of 0.4-0.8. With such a process it is possible to disintegrate or make more accessible for subsequent treatments the lignocellulose from lignocellulose containing materials, like wood or other plant material, chitin from exoskeletons from Crustacea like crabs and shrimps, and proteins such as keratin from pig hair or chicken feather, for further derivation, like acylation, oxidation, etherification, carboxymethylation or esterification, or further enzymatic hydrolysis, and/or for production of chemicals, e.g. as sugars from carbohydrates for fermentation processes such as the production of (bio-) ethanolor as keratine hydrolysates for applications in paper or cosmetics.
Abstract:
Esterification of a carbohydrate using an acylating agent can effectively be performed using a process comprising: (a) combining the carbohydrate with the acylating agent, (b) adjusting the moisture content of the combination below 40 wt. %, and (c) subjecting the combination to superheated steam. The carbohydrate is especially starch and the acylating agent is in particular an acid, such as an organic acid, amino acid, or diacid.
Abstract:
Esterification of a carbohydrate using an acylating agent can effectively be performed using a process comprising: (a) combining the carbohydrate with the acylating agent, (b) adjusting the moisture content of the combination below 40 wt. %, and (c) subjecting the combination to superheated steam. The carbohydrate is especially starch and the acylating agent is in particular an acid, such as an organic acid, amino acid, or diacid.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process wherein starch and/or a starch derivative can be gelatinized more efficiently by means a thermo mechanical treatment, when a carbohydrate polymer is used comprising aldehyde containing monomer units which comprise one or more aldehyde groups that are derived from one or more a primary alcohol groups. With this process a granulate or other semi-finished product can be obtained that can be shaped to produce an article that has excellent dimensional stability in water. The invention further provides a granulate, a shaped starch product, a food product or a blown starch film comprising such a carbohydrate polymer.
Abstract:
Primary alcohols, especially in carbohydrates, can be selectively oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids in a low-halogen process by using a peracid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a di-tertiary-alkyl nitroxyl (TEMPO) and a catalytic amount of halide. The halide is preferably bromide and the process can be carried out at nearly neutral to moderately alkaline pH (5-11). The peracid can be produced or regenerated by means of hydrogen peroxide or oxygen. The process is advantageous for producing uronic acids and for introducing aldehyde groups which are suitable for crosslinking and derivatization.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to a barrier composition, to a vehicle comprising said barrier composition, to a layer comprising said barrier composition, to a foodstuff comprising said vehicle or layer, to a pharmaceutical or nutraceutical composition comprising said vehicle or layer, to a method for protecting one or more active ingredients, and to the use of said barrier composition.The barrier composition of the invention comprises: a hydrophobic organic phase; and 0.1-75 vol. %, based on the total volume of the barrier composition, of biodegradable solid plate-like particles.
Abstract:
The invention concerns the use of a combination of an anionic polysaccharide having a preferred carboxyl content of 0.2-0.4 per monosaccharide unit and an aldehyde content of less than 0.5 aldehyde group per anionic acid group, and a cationic polymer, as a wet strength additive for papermaking.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing insulating and/or fire-resistant material, wherein the potato steam peels are subjected to a treatment for recovering a cork fraction, at least a non-calorific part, from those peels, while the insulating and/or fire resistant material is manufactured at least from the recovered cork fraction and a binding agent. The invention further provides insulating and/or fire-resistant material containing at least a cork fraction recovered from potato steam peels. Further, the invention provides a construction element, provided with such insulating and/or fire-resistant material.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process wherein starch and/or a starch derivative can be gelatinised more efficiently by means a thermo mechanical treatment, when a carbohydrate polymer is used comprising aldehyde containing monomer units which comprise one or more aldehyde groups that are derived from one or more a primary alcohol groups. With this process a granulate or other semi-finished product can be obtained that can be shaped to produce an article that has excellent dimensional stability in water. The invention further provides a granulate, a shaped starch product, a food product or a blown starch film comprising such a carbohydrate polymer.
Abstract:
A process for producing nitrosonium ions is described, in which a nitroxyl compound such as TEMPO is oxidized using an oxidizing agent in the presence of a complex of a transition metal such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and a complexing agent such as a polyamine. The process is useful for the oxidation of carbohydrates containing at least 1 cyclic monosaccharide chain group carrying a carbaldehyde group per 100 or per 25 monosaccharide units and per molecule.