摘要:
Propped fractures in formations from which fluids are produced are described that have wormholes extending out into the formations from the faces of the fractures at locations distant from boreholes. Methods are given for creating such propped fractures having wormholes in which either a closed propped fracture is formed and then the wormholes are formed, or the entire fracture and channel system is formed before the closure occurs.
摘要:
A method is given for diverting acids in matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. The acids are diverted with a diverting agent that is an energized or foamed acidic viscoelastic surfactant system that contains a viscoelastic surfactant that gels and increases in viscosity when the acid in the foamed acidic viscoelastic surfactant system is spent. The method provides a synergistic combination of the diverting capabilities of foams and the diverting capabilities of viscoelastic gel systems. The resistance to flow of the gelled foamed viscoelastic surfactant system is greater than expected from a foam or a viscoelastic gel system alone.
摘要:
The invention is an improvement in the method of producing a high quality bulk single crystal of silicon carbide in a seeded sublimation system. In a first embodiment, the improvement comprises reducing the number of macrosteps in a growing crystal by incorporating a high concentration of nitrogen atoms in the initial one (1) millimeter of crystal growth.
摘要:
A semi-insulating bulk single crystal of silicon carbide is disclosed that has a resistivity of at least 5000 &OHgr;-cm at room temperature and a concentration of deep level trapping elements that is below the amounts that will affect the resistivity of the crystal, preferably below detectable levels. A method of forming the crystal is also disclosed, along with some resulting devices that take advantage of the microwave frequency capabilities of devices formed using substrates according to the invention.
摘要:
Systems and methods for operating a data card terminal, such as a credit card transaction terminal, for providing chargeback protection services for the benefit of merchants are disclosed. The terminal includes a transaction terminal comprising an embossed character reader and magnetic stripe reader, with a separate signature capture printer. The transaction terminal is operative for detecting the physical presence of a data card during a card transaction. The embossed character reader employs a tactile imager and pattern recognition for detecting the embossed characters on the data card. A signature capturing printer prints a paper receipt, which is signed by a cardholder at a signature capturing window on the printer. A signature capturing system digitizes and compresses signals corresponding to the signature of the card holder. Transaction data including compressed signature signals and signals indicative of the presence of the card are transmitted to the host computer system of a transaction processor, who guarantees the transaction as chargeback-protected under certain circumstances. Also disclosed are methods for providing electronic and off-line transaction authorizations.
摘要:
A method is provided for testing a computer system, which system includes an interface supporting connection to one or more hardware devices. The method comprises initially performing a plurality of discrete software test processes in a first order of performance. For each test process, by reference to the said interface, the hardware device interactions occasioned by each said test process are recorded. Subsequently the said test processes are run in a second order of performance, which second order is derived from the record of hardware device interactions. A computer system configured to implement the method is also provided.
摘要:
A method and device is provided for managing data transmission on a network. The device includes Transparent Interceptor for transparently intercepting socket connections from first parties to one or more second parties. A signal socket connection is established to each second party. When one or more first parties request a data stream to a second party, the device distributes the data stream obtained from the second party through the single socket connection to one or more first parties. Data processor of the device may operate on data contents from the first or second party. A customized protocol may be used for the data transmission.
摘要:
A computer-implemented method, operable in a content delivery network (CDN) including a plurality of cache servers and domain name servers. At a cache server in the CDN, a first domain name is obtained, the first domain name being associated with a client request for a resource from the cache server. One or more values associated with the client request are determined and a second domain name is generated, including information from the first domain name and information relating to the one or more values associated with the client request. The second domain name is provided to the client.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for producing a high quality bulk single crystal of silicon carbide in a seeded growth system by reducing the separation between a silicon carbide seed crystal and a seed holder until the conductive heat transfer between the seed crystal and the seed holder dominates the radiative heat transfer between the seed crystal and the seed holder over substantially the entire seed crystal surface that is adjacent the seed holder.
摘要:
A high quality single crystal wafer of SiC is disclosed having a diameter of at least about 100 mm and a micropipe density of less than about 25 cm−2.