Abstract:
A supported bi-metallic non-platinum catalyst that is capable of oxidizing hydrazine to produce, as by-products of energy production, nitrogen, water, and zero or near-zero levels of ammonia is described. The catalyst is suitable for use in fuel cells, particularly those that utilizes an anion-exchange membrane and a liquid fuel such as hydrazine.
Abstract:
A mixed reactant fuel cell (MRFC) including a MRFC-optimized electrocatalyst utilizing a combination of selective catalysts and selective fuel distributors.
Abstract:
Anisotropic hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanoporous membranes and methods of forming anisotropic hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanoporous membranes are disclosed. The method of forming the nanoporous membrane includes growing a nanoporous oxide film on a substrate. A nanoporous membrane having a top side and a bottom side can then be formed by partially separating the nanoporous oxide film from the substrate. A fluorocarbon film can be deposited on the top side of the nanoporous membrane by plasma polymerization. The disclosed anisotropic hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanoporous membranes can have extremely different hydrophobicity between the top side and the bottom side of the nanoporous membrane.
Abstract:
Methods for optimizing, designing, making, and assembling various component parts and layers to produce optimized MEAs. Optimization is generally achieved by producing multi-layered MEAs wherein characteristics such as catalyst composition and morphology, ionomer concentration, and hydrophobicity/hydophilicity are specifically tuned in each layer. The MEAs are optimized for use with a variety of catalysts including catalysts with specifically designed and controlled morphology, chemical speciation on the bulk, chemical speciation on the surface, and/or specific hydrophobic or hydrophilic or other characteristics. The catalyst can incorporate non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) and/or platinum group metal (PGM) materials.
Abstract:
Novel non-planar non-contiguous graphene structures and novel methods for forming the same. According to some embodiments the novel methods result in three-dimensional graphene structures. According to a further embodiment these three-dimensional graphene structures have a specific, controlled morphology. According to a still further method the novel method results in decoratable graphene sheets or three-dimensional graphene structures.
Abstract:
Novel active supports, novel catalysts, and methods of preparing active supports using a sacrificial template particles and methods of preparing the same are all described.
Abstract:
Methods for optimizing, designing, making, and assembling various component parts and layers to produce optimized MEAs. Optimization is generally achieved by producing multi-layered MEAs wherein characteristics such as catalyst composition and morphology, ionomer concentration, and hydrophobicity/hydophilicity are specifically tuned in each layer. The MEAs are optimized for use with a variety of catalysts including catalysts with specifically designed and controlled morphology, chemical speciation on the bulk, chemical speciation on the surface, and/or specific hydrophobic or hydrophilic or other characteristics. The catalyst can incorporate non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) and/or platinum group metal (PGM) materials.
Abstract:
A sacrificial support-based method, a mechanosynthesis-based method, and a combined sacrificial support/mechanosynthesis support based method that enables the production of supported or unsupported catalytic materials and/or the synthesis of catalytic materials from both soluble and insoluble transition metal and charge transfer salt materials.
Abstract:
A method of preparing M-N—C catalysts utilizing a sacrificial support approach and inexpensive and readily available polymer precursors as the source of nitrogen and carbon is disclosed. Exemplary polymer precursors include non-porphyrin precursors with no initial catalytic activity. Examples of suitable non-catalytic non-porphyrin precursors include, but are not necessarily limited to low molecular weight precursors that form complexes with iron such as 4-aminoantipirine, phenylenediamine, hydroxysuccinimide, ethanolamine, and the like.