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公开(公告)号：US06646415B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-11
申请号：US10009872
申请日：2002-04-12
IPC分类号： H02J700
CPC分类号： H01M6/5044 , H01M10/488 , H02J7/0065 , H02M3/07 , H02M3/1588 , Y02B40/90 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A DC/DC power converter is efficiently switched to produce a predetermined output voltage across a load capacitor as required by a load device. In particular, a capacitive and/or inductive element is switched between a charge and discharge state as required to maintain the output voltage. For a capacitive-only power converter, or charge pump, comparison of the output voltage to a reference voltage efficiently switches a fly capacitor between charging and discharging states. Also, power converter based on switching of an inductive element with a synchronous rectifier and switch to charge the load capacitor is made more efficient by a hysteretic comparison of the output voltage to predetermined thresholds for stopping the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modulation when the predetermined output voltage is achieved. The power converters illustrated are suitable for integrated circuit implementation and may be combined with other elements of a battery to produce a more efficient battery, achieving longer service life and output voltage stability.
摘要翻译： 有效地切换DC / DC电力转换器以根据负载装置的要求在负载电容器两端产生预定的输出电压。 特别地，电容和/或电感元件根据需要在充电和放电状态之间切换以维持输出电压。 对于仅电容式功率转换器或电荷泵，将输出电压与参考电压的比较有效地在充电和放电状态之间切换飞电容器。 此外，通过对输出电压与用于停止脉冲宽度调制（PWM）调制的预定阈值的预定阈值的滞后比较，当预定的功率转换器基于具有同步整流器的电感元件的开关和用于对负载电容器充电的开关进行充电时， 实现输出电压。 所示的功率转换器适用于集成电路实现，并且可以与电池的其它元件组合以产生更有效的电池，实现更长的使用寿命和输出电压稳定性。
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12.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06198250B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US09054192
申请日：1998-04-02
IPC分类号： H01M1074
CPC分类号： H01M10/425 , H01M2/1055 , H01M6/5055 , H01M10/4257 , H01M10/4264 , H01M10/48 , H01M2200/00 , H02J7/0026 , H02J7/0065
摘要： A battery having a built-in controller is disclosed that extends the run time of the battery. The controller may extend the run time of the battery, for example, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is greater than a cut-off voltage of an electronic device, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is less than the nominal voltage of the electrochemical cell of the battery, or by protecting the electrochemical cell from current peaks. The controller may also include a ground bias circuit that provides a virtual ground so that a converter may operate at lower cell voltages. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有内置控制器的电池，其延长了电池的运行时间。 控制器可以延长电池的运行时间，例如通过将电池电压转换成小于电子装置的截止电压的输出电压，将电池电压转换成小于 电池的电化学电池的标称电压，或通过保护电化学电池免受电流峰值的影响。 控制器还可以包括提供虚拟接地的接地偏置电路，使得转换器可以在较低的电池电压下工作。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。
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公开(公告)号：US06652478B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09580780
申请日：2000-05-26
申请人： Vladimir Gartstein , Dragan Danilo Nebrigic , Grover David Owens , Faiz Feisal Sherman , Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov , Francisco Arias
发明人： Vladimir Gartstein , Dragan Danilo Nebrigic , Grover David Owens , Faiz Feisal Sherman , Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov , Francisco Arias
IPC分类号： A61B1720
CPC分类号： B81C99/0085 , A61B5/14514 , A61B5/150022 , A61B5/150099 , A61B5/150282 , A61B5/150389 , A61B5/150412 , A61B5/150458 , A61B5/150969 , A61B5/150984 , A61M37/0015 , A61M2037/0023 , A61M2037/003 , A61M2037/0053 , B29L2031/7544 , B29L2031/756 , B81B2201/055
摘要： A hollow microneedle with a substantially sharp edge is provided that includes at least one longitudinal blade at the top surface or tip of the microneedle to aid in penetration of the stratum corneum of skin. In a preferred embodiment, there are two such longitudinal blades that are constructed on opposite surfaces at approximately a 180° angle along the cylindrical side wall of the microneedle. Each edged blade has a cross-section that, when viewed from above the microneedle top, has an isosceles triangle profile. The blade's edge can run the entire length of the microneedle from its very top surface to its bottom surface where it is mounted onto the substrate, or the edge can be discontinued partway down the length of the microneedle. A star-shaped solid microneedle also is provided having at least one blade with a relatively sharp edge to assist in penetrating the stratum corneum of skin. In a preferred embodiment, a three pointed star-shape is used, in which each blade has an isosceles triangular cross-section when viewed from the top of the microneedle. The base of each of the isosceles triangles meets at a center of the microneedle to form the star-shaped structure. At least one hole through the substrate is located near the side surfaces of the pairs of blades of the solid microneedle.
摘要翻译： 提供具有基本锋利边缘的中空微针，其包括在微针的顶表面或尖端处的至少一个纵向刀片，以有助于皮肤角质层的穿透。 在优选实施例中，存在两个这样的纵向叶片，其沿着微针的圆柱形侧壁以大约180°的角度在相对的表面上构造。 每个边缘叶片具有横截面，当从上面观察微针顶部时，其具有等腰三角形轮廓。 刀片的边缘可以将微针的整个长度从其最上表面延伸到其底部表面，在其底部安装到基底上，或者边缘可以在微针的长度上中断。 还提供了星形固体微针，其具有至少一个具有相对锋利边缘的刀片，以有助于穿透皮肤角质层。 在优选实施例中，使用三角星形，其中当从微针的顶部观察时，每个叶片具有等腰三角形横截面。 每个等腰三角形的基部在微针的中心相交，形成星形结构。 穿过基底的至少一个孔位于固体微针的成对叶片的侧表面附近。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6118248A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US54191
申请日：1998-04-02
CPC分类号： H02J7/0065 , H01M10/4257 , H01M10/48 , H02J7/0011 , H01M10/448 , H01M2/34 , Y02B40/90
摘要： A rechargeable battery having a built-in controller is disclosed that extends the service run time of the battery. The controller may extend the service run time of a rechargeable battery, for example, by ending the discharge cycle at the optimal discharge depth in order to maximize the number and efficiency of charge cycles. The controller may also control the charge cycle of each electrochemical cell of a rechargeable battery. The rechargeable battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. Each individual cell preferably has a built-in controller that controls the discharge and charge cycles of that cell. In addition, the rechargeable battery may also include a remote charging system.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有内置控制器的可充电电池，其延长了电池的服务运行时间。 控制器可以延长可再充电电池的使用运行时间，例如通过以最佳放电深度结束放电循环，以使充电循环的数量和效率最大化。 控制器还可以控制可充电电池的每个电化学电池的充电循环。 可再充电电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 每个单独的电池优选地具有控制该电池的放电和充电循环的内置控制器。 此外，可再充电电池还可以包括远程充电系统。
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公开(公告)号：US6074775A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-13
申请号：US54012
申请日：1998-04-02
IPC分类号： H01M2/12
CPC分类号： H01M2/12
摘要： A battery having a built-in controller that controls one or more functions of the battery is disclosed. The battery may, for example, control a charge or a discharge cycle of a battery, disconnect an electrochemical cell from the terminals of the battery in an emergency condition, provide electronic identification of all characteristics or conditions, or provide a low remaining charge warning. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. Each individual cell preferably has a built-in controller.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有控制电池的一个或多个功能的内置控制器的电池。 例如，电池可以控制电池的充电或放电循环，在紧急情况下将电化学电池与电池的端子断开，提供所有特性或条件的电子识别，或提供低的剩余电量警告。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 每个单元优选地具有内置的控制器。
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公开(公告)号：US20160271391A1
公开(公告)日：2016-09-22
申请号：US14776623
申请日：2014-03-14
CPC分类号： A61N1/205 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/05 , A61N1/0502 , A61N1/06 , A61N1/10 , A61N1/32 , A61N1/40 , A61N1/44 , A61N5/022 , A61N5/0624 , A61N7/00 , A61N7/02 , A61N2005/0643 , A61N2005/0661 , A61N2007/0004 , A61N2007/0069
摘要： A non-pharmaceutical apparatus, system and process for treating and/or detecting biological targets, such as infectious diseases, are provided in various implementations. In one implementation, a medical device, system and/or process targets biologic targets such as microorganisms, fungi, bacteria and viruses resident in an infected environment. Further various method of detecting the biological targets are also provided.
摘要翻译： 在各种实施方式中提供了用于治疗和/或检测生物靶标（例如传染病）的非药物装置，系统和方法。 在一个实施方式中，医疗装置，系统和/或过程瞄准生物靶标，例如驻留在感染环境中的微生物，真菌，细菌和病毒。 还提供了进一步检测生物靶标的各种方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06304467B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09843411
申请日：2001-04-26
IPC分类号： H02M7517
CPC分类号： H02J7/0065 , H02M3/07 , H02M3/1588 , H02M2003/072 , H04R2225/31 , H04R2225/33 , Y02B40/90 , Y02B70/1466
摘要： A charge pump power converter efficiently provides electrical power by dynamically controlling a switch matrix of the charge pump. Instead of open-loop oscillator-based control, a dynamic controller provides power upon demand by sensing the output voltage and changing the operating frequency of the charge pump in response. Moreover, this closed-loop dynamic control intrinsically voltage regulates the output voltage of the charge pump power converter without the inefficient addition of a step-down voltage regulator, downstream of the power converter. In addition, this closed-loop dynamic control allows for maintaining a desired output voltage even with variations in the input voltage. Also, the dynamic control accommodates the advantages of using ultra-capacitors in the charge pump. The power converter is capable of operating with a sub-one volt input voltage incorporating low-threshold, low on-resistance power MOSFET switches in the switch matrix of the charge pump. A progressive start-up circuit further allows the power converter to start from a discharged state even with a sub-one volt input voltage.
摘要翻译： 电荷泵功率转换器通过动态地控制电荷泵的开关矩阵来有效地提供电力。 代替基于开环振荡器的控制，动态控制器通过感测输出电压并响应于改变电荷泵的工作频率来提供功率。 此外，这种闭环动态控制本质上是电压调节电荷泵功率转换器的输出电压，而不会在功率转换器的下游没有降压稳压器的低效添加。 此外，该闭环动态控制允许即使在输入电压变化的情况下仍保持期望的输出电压。 此外，动态控制适应于在电荷泵中使用超级电容器的优点。 电源转换器能够在电荷泵的开关矩阵中使用包含低阈值，低导通电阻功率MOSFET开关的亚一伏输入电压进行工作。 逐行启动电路还允许功率转换器即使在亚一伏输入电压下也从放电状态开始。
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公开(公告)号：US20150258336A1
公开(公告)日：2015-09-17
申请号：US14214266
申请日：2014-03-14
IPC分类号： A61N1/32
摘要： A treatment device, system and process for treating one or more biological targets within an environment is provided. In one implementation, for example, a treatment device comprises an antenna comprising a pair of electrodes configured for electrical coupling with an environment comprising biological targets for delivering a first electromagnetic signal to the environment, wherein the first electromagnetic signal is configured to generate ions within the environment for interacting with the biological targets.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于治疗环境中的一种或多种生物靶的治疗装置，系统和方法。 在一个实施方案中，例如，治疗装置包括天线，其包括一对电极，所述电极被配置为与包括用于将第一电磁信号传递到环境的生物靶标的环境电耦合，其中所述第一电磁信号被配置为在所述环境内产生离子 与生物目标相互作用的环境。
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