公开(公告)号：US20090033929A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-05

申请号：US12017698

申请日：2008-01-22

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Eric Diebold

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Eric Diebold

IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  B32B3/26 ,  H01L21/44

CPC分类号： G01N21/658 ,  Y10T428/249978

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides methods for fabricating substrates for use in a variety of analytical and/or diagnostic applications. Such a substrate can be generated by exposing a semiconductor surface (e.g., silicon surface) to a plurality of short laser pulses to generate micron-sized, and preferably submicron-sized, structures on the surface. The structured surface can then be coated with discontinuous metal coating characterized by one or more metalized surface region and a plurality of surface gaps.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供用于制造用于各种分析和/或诊断应用的基底的方法。 可以通过将半导体表面（例如，硅表面）暴露于多个短激光脉冲以在表面上产生微米尺寸且优选亚微米尺寸的结构来产生这种基板。 然后可以用不连续金属涂层涂覆结构化表面，其特征在于一个或多个金属化表面区域和多个表面间隙。

公开(公告)号：US10692391B2

公开(公告)日：2020-06-23

申请号：US16551889

申请日：2019-08-27

申请人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Kelly Miller ,  Brian Lukoff

发明人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Kelly Miller ,  Brian Lukoff

IPC分类号： G09B5/02 ,  G09B7/02 ,  G06N20/00 ,  G06N20/20 ,  G06N5/00 ,  G06N7/00 ,  G06F40/40 ,  G06F40/169 ,  G09B5/12

摘要： In various embodiments, subject matter for improving discussions in connection with an educational resource is identified and summarized by analyzing annotations made by students assigned to a discussion group to identify high-quality annotations likely to generate responses and stimulate discussion threads, identifying clusters of high-quality annotations relating to the same portion or related portions of the educational resource, extracting and summarizing text from the annotations, and combining, in an electronically represented document, the extracted and summarized text and (i) at least some of the annotations and the portion or portions of the educational resource or (ii) clickable links thereto.

公开(公告)号：US08989544B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US13143451

申请日：2010-01-08

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Rafael R. Gattass ,  Geoffry T. Svacha ,  Katherine C. F. Phillips ,  Christopher C. Evans

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Rafael R. Gattass ,  Geoffry T. Svacha ,  Katherine C. F. Phillips ,  Christopher C. Evans

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02F3/00 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02F3/02 ,  G02F1/35

CPC分类号： G02B6/12007 ,  G02F1/3519 ,  G02F3/00 ,  G02F3/024 ,  G02F2203/15

摘要： The present invention provides optical devices that employ nonlinear optical effects for processing optical signals. For example, such an optical device can include a nano-sized interferometric component that provides an optical output signal via interference of two input signals subsequent to their asymmetric nonlinear phase accumulation. The interferometric element can have a variety of configurations, such as Sagnac, Mach-Zehnder or Michelson configurations.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了采用非线性光学效应来处理光信号的光学装置。 例如，这种光学装置可以包括纳米尺寸的干涉测量组件，其通过两个输入信号在其非对称非线性相位累积之后的干扰来提供光输出信号。 干涉测量元件可以具有各种配置，例如Sagnac，Mach-Zehnder或Michelson配置。

公开(公告)号：US20110100441A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12864994

申请日：2009-02-02

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Rull

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Rull

IPC分类号： H01L31/06 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/02167 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  H01L31/186 ,  H01L31/1872 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： Photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) are disclosed that include at least three radiation absorbing layers, each capable of absorbing radiation over a different wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum. Any two of these three wavelength ranges can be partially overlapping, or alternatively they can be distinct. The layers are disposed relative to one another so as to form two junctions, each of which includes a depletion region. In some cases, the radiation absorbing layers can collectively absorb radiation over a wavelength range that spans at least about 60%, or 70%, or 80%, and preferably 90% of the solar radiation wavelength spectrum. By way of example, in some embodiments, one layer can exhibit significant absorption of solar radiation (e.g., it can absorb at least one radiation wavelength at an absorptance greater than about 90%) at wavelengths less than about 0.7 microns while another layer can exhibit significant absorption of the solar radiation at wavelengths in a range of about 0.7 microns to about 1 micron. The third layer can in turn exhibit a significant absorption of solar radiation at wavelengths greater than about 1 micron.

摘要翻译： 公开了包括至少三个辐射吸收层的光伏器件（例如，太阳能电池），每个辐射吸收层能够吸收太阳辐射光谱的不同波长范围上的辐射。 这三个波长范围中的任何两个可以部分重叠，或者它们可以是不同的。 这些层相对于彼此设置以形成两个结，其中每一个包括耗尽区。 在一些情况下，辐射吸收层可以共同地吸收在太阳辐射波长谱的至少约60％，或70％，或80％，优选90％的波长范围内的辐射。 作为示例，在一些实施例中，一个层可以在小于约0.7微米的波长下显示太阳辐射的显着吸收（例如，其可以以大于约90％的吸收率吸收至少一个辐射波长），而另一层可以展现 太阳辐射在约0.7微米至约1微米范围内的波长的显着吸收。 此外，第三层可以在大于约1微米的波长下表现出太阳辐射的显着吸收。

公开(公告)号：US20090014842A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-15

申请号：US12235086

申请日：2008-09-22

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L29/06 ,  H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H01L21/268 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/02532 ,  H01L21/0259 ,  H01L21/02686 ,  H01L21/2252 ,  H01L21/302 ,  H01L21/67075 ,  Y10S438/94

摘要： The present invention generally provides semiconductor substrates having submicron-sized surface features generated by irradiating the surface with ultra short laser pulses. In one aspect, a method of processing a semiconductor substrate is disclosed that includes placing at least a portion of a surface of the substrate in contact with a fluid, and exposing that surface portion to one or more femtosecond pulses so as to modify the topography of that portion. The modification can include, e.g., generating a plurality of submicron-sized spikes in an upper layer of the surface.

摘要翻译： 本发明通常提供具有通过用超短激光脉冲照射表面而产生的亚微米尺寸表面特征的半导体衬底。 一方面，公开了一种处理半导体衬底的方法，其包括将衬底的至少一部分表面与流体接触，并将该表面部分暴露于一个或多个飞秒脉冲，以便修改 那部分。 该修改可以包括例如在表面的上层中生成多个亚微米尺寸的尖峰。

公开(公告)号：US08914373B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-16

申请号：US13458040

申请日：2012-04-27

申请人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Brian Lukoff

发明人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Brian Lukoff

IPC分类号： G06F17/30 ,  G06F7/00 ,  G06F21/41 ,  G06Q10/06

CPC分类号： G06F17/30598 ,  G06F17/30876 ,  G06F17/30893 ,  G06F17/30896 ,  G06F21/41 ,  G06Q10/06311 ,  H04W4/02 ,  H04W4/023 ,  H04W4/08

摘要： Representative embodiments of a method for grouping participants in an activity include the steps of: (i) defining a grouping policy; (ii) storing, in a database, participant records that include a participant identifier, a characteristic associated with the participant, and/or an identifier for a participant's handheld device; (iii) defining groupings based on the policy and characteristics of the participants relating to the policy and to the activity; and (iv) communicating the groupings to the handheld devices to establish the groups.

摘要翻译： 用于分组活动中的参与者的方法的代表性实施例包括以下步骤：（i）定义分组策略; （ii）在数据库中存储包括参与者标识符，与参与者相关联的特征的参与者记录和/或参与者的手持设备的标识符; （iii）根据与政策和活动有关的参与者的政策和特点确定分组; 和（iv）将分组传送到手持设备以建立组。

公开(公告)号：US20130302775A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-14

申请号：US13871627

申请日：2013-04-26

申请人： Gary King ,  Brian Lukoff ,  Eric Mazur

发明人： Gary King ,  Brian Lukoff ,  Eric Mazur

IPC分类号： G09B7/00

CPC分类号： G09B7/00

摘要： Textual responses to open-ended (i.e., free-response) items provided by participants (e.g., by means of mobile wireless devices) are automatically classified, enabling an instructor to assess the responses in a convenient, organized fashion and adjust instruction accordingly.

摘要翻译： 由参与者（例如，通过移动无线设备）提供的对开放式（即，自由应答）项目的文本响应被自动分类，使得教练能够以方便且有组织的方式评估响应并相应地调整指令。

公开(公告)号：US08143686B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

申请号：US12906508

申请日：2010-10-18

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L31/102

CPC分类号： H01L21/428 ,  B23K26/0624 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L21/3065 ,  Y10S977/762 ,  Y10S977/814 ,  Y10S977/816 ,  Y10S977/824

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of processing a substrate, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, by irradiating a surface of the substrate (or at least a portion of the surface) with a first set of polarized short laser pulses while exposing the surface to a fluid to generate a plurality of structures on the surface, e.g., within a top layer of the surface. Subsequently, the structured surface can be irradiated with another set of polarized short laser pulses having a different polarization than that of the initial set while exposing the structured surface to a fluid, e.g., the same fluid initially utilized to form the structured surface or a different fluid. In many embodiments, the second set of polarized laser pulses cause the surface structures formed by the first set to break up into smaller-sized structures, e.g., nano-sized features such as nano-sized rods.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供了一种通过用第一组偏振短激光脉冲照射衬底（或表面的至少一部分）的表面来处理衬底（例如半导体衬底）的方法，同时使 表面到流体，以在表面上产生多个结构，例如在表面的顶层内。 随后，结构化表面可以用另一组偏振短激光脉冲照射，其具有与初始设定不同的偏振，同时将结构化表面暴露于流体，例如最初用于形成结构化表面的相同流体或不同 流体。 在许多实施例中，第二组偏振激光脉冲使由第一组形成的表面结构分解成较小尺寸的结构，例如纳米尺寸特征，例如纳米尺寸的棒。

公开(公告)号：US20110031471A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12906508

申请日：2010-10-18

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L29/66 ,  B82Y99/00

CPC分类号： H01L21/428 ,  B23K26/0624 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L21/3065 ,  Y10S977/762 ,  Y10S977/814 ,  Y10S977/816 ,  Y10S977/824

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of processing a substrate, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, by irradiating a surface of the substrate (or at least a portion of the surface) with a first set of polarized short laser pulses while exposing the surface to a fluid to generate a plurality of structures on the surface, e.g., within a top layer of the surface. Subsequently, the structured surface can be irradiated with another set of polarized short laser pulses having a different polarization than that of the initial set while exposing the structured surface to a fluid, e.g., the same fluid initially utilized to form the structured surface or a different fluid. In many embodiments, the second set of polarized laser pulses cause the surface structures formed by the first set to break up into smaller-sized structures, e.g., nano-sized features such as nano-sized rods.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供了一种通过用第一组偏振短激光脉冲照射衬底（或表面的至少一部分）的表面来处理衬底（例如半导体衬底）的方法，同时使 表面到流体，以在表面上产生多个结构，例如在表面的顶层内。 随后，结构化表面可以用另一组偏振短激光脉冲照射，其具有与初始设定不同的偏振，同时将结构化表面暴露于流体，例如最初用于形成结构化表面的相同流体或不同 流体。 在许多实施例中，第二组偏振激光脉冲使由第一组形成的表面结构分解成较小尺寸的结构，例如纳米尺寸特征，例如纳米尺寸的棒。

公开(公告)号：US07884446B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-08

申请号：US12235086

申请日：2008-09-22

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L29/06

CPC分类号： H01L21/268 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/02532 ,  H01L21/0259 ,  H01L21/02686 ,  H01L21/2252 ,  H01L21/302 ,  H01L21/67075 ,  Y10S438/94

摘要： The present invention generally provides semiconductor substrates having submicron-sized surface features generated by irradiating the surface with ultra short laser pulses. In one aspect, a method of processing a semiconductor substrate is disclosed that includes placing at least a portion of a surface of the substrate in contact with a fluid, and exposing that surface portion to one or more femtosecond pulses so as to modify the topography of that portion. The modification can include, e.g., generating a plurality of submicron-sized spikes in an upper layer of the surface.

摘要翻译： 本发明通常提供具有通过用超短激光脉冲照射表面而产生的亚微米尺寸表面特征的半导体衬底。 一方面，公开了一种处理半导体衬底的方法，其包括将衬底的至少一部分表面与流体接触，并将该表面部分暴露于一个或多个飞秒脉冲，以便修改 那部分。 该修改可以包括例如在表面的上层中生成多个亚微米尺寸的尖峰。