摘要:
Estimates of ringing produced by short recovery pulse sequences (CPMG or modified CPMG) are used to improve the effects of ringing in a conventional CPMG or modified CPMG sequences. This is an effective method for removal of ringing when the ringing is varying over a time interval that would be spanned by a phase alternated pair of conventional sequences. By use of frequency dithering, ringing due to the excitation pulse and the refocusing pulses can be removed.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for digitally processing signals received by an induction logging tool having a transmitter and a plurality of receivers. An oscillating signal is provided to the transmitter, which causes eddy currents to flow in a surrounding formation. The magnitudes of the eddy currents are proportional to the conductivity of the formation. The eddy currents in turn induce voltages in the receivers. The received voltages are digitized at a sampling rate well above the maximum frequency of interest. The digitizing window is synchronized to a cycle of the oscillating current signal. Corresponding samples obtained in each cycle are cumulatively summed over a large number of such cycles. The summed samples form a stacked signal. Stacked signals generated for corresponding receiver coils are transmitted to a computer for spectral analysis. Transmitting the stacked signals and not all the individually sampled signals, reduces the amount of data that needs to be stored or transmitted. A Fourier analysis is performed on the stacked signals to derive the amplitudes of in-phase and quadrature components of the receiver voltages at the frequencies of interest. From the component amplitudes, the conductivity of the formation can be accurately derived.
摘要:
A cycle with tapered drivetrain connections. The cycle includes a frame, a crank rotatably connected to the frame, and a driven wheel rotatably connected to the frame. The crank includes a crank arm and a crank spindle rotatably connected to the frame and non-rotatably connected to the crank arm. The crank spindle includes a crank mating surface to interface with the crank arm. The diameter of the crank spindle continuously decreases along at least a portion of the crank mating surface in a lateral direction. The crank arm includes a crank bore to interface with the crank mating surface. At least a portion of the crank bore has a diameter that continuously decreases in lateral direction. At least a portion of the crank bore taper has a taper rate and diameter equal to a taper rate and diameter of at least a portion of the crank spindle taper.
摘要:
An apparatus and method of obtaining information about a property of interest relating to an earth formation resulting in reduced ringing effects is discussed. A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logging tool is conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation. A first pulse sequence is applied having a first associated measurement frequency, and first NMR signals are measured. The first NMR signals include non-formation signals resulting from an excitation pulse and a refocusing pulse in the first pulse echo sequence. A second and third pulse sequence, at different frequencies from each other and from the first frequency, is applied, and corresponding second and third NMR signals are measured. A phase of the non-formation signals resulting from the first pulse echo sequence and a phase of the non-formation signals resulting from the second and third pulse echo sequences are substantially evenly distributed around a unit circle.
摘要:
A scanning device and method of forming a scanned electronic image include an imaging sensor and at least one navigation sensor. For an embodiment, the imaging sensor enables sensing of color images. In the preferred embodiment, the imaging sensor is a linear array of sensor elements, with a two-dimensional navigation sensor array at each end. The scanning device has three degrees of freedom, since position information from the navigation sensors allows manipulation of an image signal from the imaging sensor to reduce distortion artifacts caused by curvilinear scanning. Acceptable sources of the position information include printed matter and contrast variations dictated by variations in the inherent structure-related properties of the medium on which the scanned image is formed. Inherent structure-related properties can also include color contrast. Illumination for optimal operation of the navigation system may be introduced at a grazing angle in some applications or in the normal to a plane of the original in other applications, but this is not essential.
摘要:
A dual treadle treadmill. The dual treadle treadmill includes a frame, a first treadle, a second treadle, a clutch axle, and a tensioning mechanism. The first treadle and the second treadle are each pivotally coupled with the frame and each have a moving surface. The clutch axle includes an axle, a first driver, and a second driver. The axle is rotatably connected to the frame. The first driver is coupled to the axle by a first clutch. The first clutch transmits torque between the first driver and the axle in response to the first driver rotating in a first direction relative to the axle. The first treadle is connected to the first driver through a first link such that the first driver is rotated in a first direction in response to the first treadle being pivoted in the first direction. The tensioning mechanism maintains a tension on the first link.
摘要:
Circuitry and method for transferring signals from a photoreceiver array to computational circuitry includes parallel transfer amplifiers that receive periodic offset correction and includes DC removal amplifiers. In a first embodiment, each transfer amplifier has a differential circuit that can be switched from a reset mode to a readout mode. In the readout mode, the voltage state at the output is responsive to first and second inputs, with the second input being connected to a source of a reference voltage. In the reset mode, the inputs are both connected to the reference voltage and the output is temporarily connected to a source of a fixed reset voltage. An offset adjustment signal is generated in response to detection of a voltage difference between the reset voltage and the actual voltage state at the output after the output has been disconnected from the source of the reset voltage. A single offset circuit is used to periodically and sequentially refresh the various transfer amplifiers. In a second embodiment, spatial frequency components at both low and high frequencies are removed from the outputs of the photoreceiver array by DC removal amplifiers. Each DC removal amplifier is assigned to a particular photoelement in the array, but receives outputs from one or more other photoelements in the array. The output of the amplifier is responsive to the differences between the analog signals input to the amplifier.
摘要:
A scanning device and method for forming a scanned electronic image include using navigation information that is acquired along with image data, and then rectifying the image data based upon the navigation and image information. The navigation information is obtained in frames. The differences between consecutive frames are detected and accumulated, and this accumulated displacement value is representative of a position of the scanning device relative to a reference. The image data is then positioned-tagged using the position data obtained from the accumulated displacement value. To avoid the accumulation of errors, the accumulated displacement value obtained from consecutive frames is updated by comparing a current frame with a much earlier frame stored in memory and using the resulting difference as the displacement from the earlier frame. These larger displacement steps are then accumulated to determine the relative position of the scanning device.
摘要:
In an induction logger, a method for nulling the output signal from a pair of series-coupled receiver coils by altering the magnetic flux distribution within the coils by use of one or more magnetic equalization bodies. The shape and aspect ratio of the equalization body are chosen to minimize temperature dependence of the initial permeability. Alternatively, a highly conductive equalization body may be used.
摘要:
A dual treadle treadmill. The dual treadle treadmill includes a frame, a first treadle, a second treadle, and a generator. The first treadle and the second treadle are each pivotally coupled with the frame and each have a moving surface. The generator is operably associated with the first treadle such that the generator is driven in response to the first treadle pivoting relative to the frame. Other embodiments of dual treadle treadmills are also described.