公开(公告)号：US08591848B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-26

申请号：US12266373

申请日：2008-11-06

申请人： William H. Sun ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

发明人： William H. Sun ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

IPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/58 ,  C01B21/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 ,  B01D53/8696 ,  B01D53/90 ,  B01D2251/2067 ,  F23J15/003 ,  F23J2219/10

摘要： Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够有效地利用尿素用于NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的系统，其通过气化并将其供给到与多个燃气轮机相关联的多个选择性催化还原单元。 本发明能够使尿素的气化产物能够完全控制单独的SCR单元，而不会过多的试剂使用或污染控制有效性的损失。 控制器确定每个涡轮机控制NOx排放所需的试剂的量，然后将气化的尿素与正确量的载气混合，以有效地操作每个单独的SCR单元，尽管涡轮机之间的需求变化。 以这种方式，可以适当地控制气化单元以根据需要提供尿素，而不需要存储大量含氨气体的清单来校正需求的波动。

公开(公告)号：US20130287669A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-31

申请号：US13455459

申请日：2012-04-25

申请人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  Scott M. Mayhew

发明人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  Scott M. Mayhew

IPC分类号： C01C1/08 ,  B01J7/02

CPC分类号： C01C1/086 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J19/245 ,  B01J19/2485 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00051 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  B01J2219/002 ,  B01J2219/00231 ,  C01B2210/0075 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/06 ,  F01N2900/1404 ,  F01N2900/1628 ,  Y02T10/24

摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。

公开(公告)号：US08470277B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-25

申请号：US13568411

申请日：2012-08-07

申请人： William H. Sun ,  Paul G. Carmignani

发明人： William H. Sun ,  Paul G. Carmignani

IPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/74 ,  B01D53/76 ,  G05D7/00

CPC分类号： F23J15/003 ,  B01D53/8631 ,  B01D2251/2067 ,  B01D2258/0283 ,  F23J15/02 ,  F23J2219/10

摘要： A process and an apparatus enhance urea utilization for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, by controlled preparation and feed of gasified urea during combustor load variation. The concentration of NOx in the combustion gases and a required total gas flow necessary to supply an SCR reactor with NOx reducing and carrier gases are determined. Urea is gasified by gasification gases in a thermal gasification reactor. The resulting urea gasification products are mixed with carrier gases to provide an injection grid supply stream. Heating is reduced and flue gas enthalpy is efficiently used by controls utilizing monitoring the temperatures of gases fed to the thermal gasification reactor and of the stream of carrier gases.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置通过在燃烧器负荷变化期间通过控制制备和气化尿素进料来增强NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的尿素利用。 确定燃烧气体中的NOx浓度以及向SCR反应器供应NOx还原和载气所需的总气体流量。 尿素在热气化反应器中由气化气体气化。 所得到的尿素气化产物与载气混合以提供注入电网供应流。 通过控制利用监测进入热气化反应器和载气流的气体的温度有效地使用烟道气的焓。

公开(公告)号：US5740745A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-21

申请号：US710630

申请日：1996-09-20

申请人： Christopher R. Smyrniotis ,  William F. Michels ,  M. Damian Marshall ,  William H. Sun ,  Daniel V. Diep ,  Cari M. Chenanda

发明人： Christopher R. Smyrniotis ,  William F. Michels ,  M. Damian Marshall ,  William H. Sun ,  Daniel V. Diep ,  Cari M. Chenanda

IPC分类号： C10L10/00 ,  C10L10/04 ,  D21C11/10 ,  D21C11/12 ,  F23G5/48 ,  F23G7/04 ,  F23J7/00 ,  F23B7/00

CPC分类号： F23J7/00 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10L10/06 ,  D21C11/106 ,  D21C11/12 ,  F23G5/48 ,  F23G7/04 ,  F23G2209/101

摘要： Reduction of slagging is improved by targeting slag-reducing chemicals in a furnace with the aid of computational fluid dynamic modeling. Chemical utilization and boiler maintenance are improved.

摘要翻译： 借助于计算流体动力学建模，通过在炉中靶向减渣化学品来改善排渣的减少。 化学利用和锅炉维护得到改善。

公开(公告)号：US20120288952A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-15

申请号：US13463634

申请日：2012-05-03

申请人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle

发明人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle

IPC分类号： G01N21/75

CPC分类号： C01C1/086 ,  C01C3/145 ,  F23J15/003 ,  F23J15/006 ,  F23J2215/50 ,  F23J2217/50 ,  F23J2219/10 ,  F23N5/003 ,  Y10T436/175383

摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for treating and analyzing a gas stream to determine the effectiveness of urea gasification. The apparatus will be capable of performing the method and will include: means for introducing an aqueous solution of urea into a reactor having hot gases therein and subjecting the aqueous to temperatures for a time to assure the gasification of the aqueous urea and form a thermal gasification product stream containing NH3 and HNCO; means for taking a sample stream from the gasification product stream; means for contacting the sample stream with a hydrolysis catalyst in the presence of sufficient water to convert HNCO to NH3 and form an ammonia sample stream; and means for analyzing the ammonia sample stream for NH3. The methods and apparatus can also be used to control a urea gasification process and/or to signal anomalous operation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理和分析气流以确定尿素气化的有效性的方法和装置。 该设备将能够执行该方法，并且将包括：用于将尿素水溶液引入其中具有热气体的反应器中的装置，并使水温持续一段时间以确保尿素水溶液的气化并形成热气化 含NH3和HNCO的产品流; 用于从气化产物流中取样品流的装置; 用于在足够的水存在下使样品流与水解催化剂接触以将HNCO转化成NH 3并形成氨样品流的装置; 以及用于分析NH 3的氨样品流的装置。 该方法和设备也可用于控制尿素气化过程和/或发出异常操作信号。

公开(公告)号：US20110002830A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-06

申请号：US12829671

申请日：2010-07-02

申请人： William H. Sun ,  William E. Cummings ,  Piers de Havilland ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

发明人： William H. Sun ,  William E. Cummings ,  Piers de Havilland ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

IPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  B01J8/02

CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 ,  B01D53/90

摘要： A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 .degree. C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.

摘要翻译： 优选的装置装置利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以补充将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 尿素（30），其在高于140℃的温度下分解。 在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后，将（32）注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。

公开(公告)号：US07845292B2

公开(公告)日：2010-12-07

申请号：US11548866

申请日：2006-10-12

申请人： J. David Martin ,  Christopher R. Smyrniotis ,  Kent W. Schulz ,  William H. Sun ,  Scott K. Bohlen ,  Glenn Brewer

发明人： J. David Martin ,  Christopher R. Smyrniotis ,  Kent W. Schulz ,  William H. Sun ,  Scott K. Bohlen ,  Glenn Brewer

IPC分类号： F23B90/00 ,  C10L10/04

CPC分类号： F23J7/00 ,  C02F1/70 ,  C02F5/083 ,  C02F2103/023 ,  C02F2303/08 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C23F11/182 ,  C23F14/02 ,  F22B37/025 ,  F23G5/48 ,  F28F19/00 ,  G01N17/006 ,  G01N17/02 ,  G01N17/04

摘要： A slag and corrosion control process is described. The process entails: identifying the location of at least one slagging problem area in a boiler; introducing a slag control chemical comprising magnesium oxide or hydroxide into combustion gases in a location identified as having a slagging problem; identifying the location of at least one corrosion problem area in a boiler; and introducing a corrosion control chemical comprising a sulfate salt, bisulfite salt, sulfuric acid, or sulfur into combustion gases in a location identified as having a corrosion problem. In operation, these slag deposits will be sufficiently friable to be removed by relatively moderate application of physical energy, thus saving time and reducing any damage to the tubes by the cleaning process. The slag deposits are less voluminous and less in weight and are removed quickly. It is an advantage of the invention that slag can be removed with little or no shut down of a boiler.

摘要翻译： 描述了炉渣和腐蚀控制过程。 该过程包括：确定锅炉中至少一个排渣问题区域的位置; 将包含氧化镁或氢氧化物的炉渣控制化学品引入被识别为具有结渣问题的位置的燃烧气体中; 识别锅炉中至少一个腐蚀问题区域的位置; 并将含有硫酸盐，亚硫酸氢盐，硫酸或硫的腐蚀控制化学品引入被鉴定为具有腐蚀问题的位置的燃烧气体中。 在操作中，这些渣沉积物将足够易碎，以通过相对适度地施加物理能量去除，从而通过清洁过程节省时间并减少对管的任何损坏。 渣沉积物体积较小，重量较轻，并迅速除去。 本发明的优点在于可以很少或不关闭锅炉来去除渣。

公开(公告)号：US07815881B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-19

申请号：US12615622

申请日：2009-11-10

申请人： M. Linda Lin ,  William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Penelope Stamatakis

发明人： M. Linda Lin ,  William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Penelope Stamatakis

IPC分类号： B01D53/56

CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 ,  B01D53/90 ,  Y10S423/05

摘要： Disclosed are a process and apparatus for selective catalytic reduction of NOx. The process is enabled by bypassing a heat exchanger section, such as an economizer, of the boiler in advance of an SCR unit at low load conditions to enable NOx reduction even at low loads using urea instead of ammonia. In a preferred form, under high load conditions, the bypass can be almost fully closed and the economizer can be operated normally without excessively cooling the combustion gases, using only a portion of bypassed gases which are hot enough to decompose the urea into its active components including ammonia.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于NOx的选择性催化还原的方法和装置。 该过程通过在低负载条件下绕过SCR单元之前的锅炉的热交换器部分（例如节能器）来实现，使得即使在低负载下使用尿素代替氨也能够降低NOx。 在优选形式中，在高负载条件下，旁路可以几乎完全关闭，并且节能器可以正常运行而不会过度冷却燃烧气体，仅使用足够热的一部分旁路气体将尿素分解成其活性组分 包括氨。

公开(公告)号：US20090297417A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-03

申请号：US12472508

申请日：2009-05-27

申请人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Ronald A. Lau

发明人： William H. Sun ,  John M. Boyle ,  Ronald A. Lau

IPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  C07C259/00 ,  C01C1/00 ,  B01J7/00

CPC分类号： B01B1/005 ,  B01D53/90 ,  B01D2251/2067 ,  B01D2257/404 ,  C01C1/086 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F01N2240/20 ,  F01N2240/40 ,  F01N2610/02

摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus enabling the efficient utilization of urea for purposes such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, which enable feeding urea to a chamber designed to efficiently and completely gasify the urea to enable ammonia feed. Preferably, aqueous urea is fed to a gasification chamber, which is also fed with heated gases. An injector means, capable of distributing the aqueous urea as fine droplets, is positioned centrally of a gas distribution plate in the chamber. An arrangement of spaced holes in the gas distribution plate provides higher gas velocity in the vicinity of the injector means than near the walls of the chamber. Uniform gas distribution without equipment fouling is achieved.

摘要翻译： 公开了能够有效利用尿素的方法和装置，例如NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR），其使得能够将尿素输送到设计成有效地和完全气化尿素以使氨进料的室。 优选地，将水性尿素供给到气化室，其也被加热气体。 能够将尿素作为细小液滴分配的喷射器装置位于腔室中的气体分配板的中心。 在气体分配板中的间隔开的孔的布置在喷射器装置附近提供比在腔的壁附近更高的气体速度。 实现无设备污染的均匀气体分配。

公开(公告)号：US07090810B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-15

申请号：US10031724

申请日：2001-12-03

申请人： William H. Sun ,  William E. Cummings, Jr. ,  Piers de Havilland ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

发明人： William H. Sun ,  William E. Cummings, Jr. ,  Piers de Havilland ,  Paul G. Carmignani ,  John M. Boyle

IPC分类号： C01B21/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/90 ,  B01D53/8631 ,  B01D53/9431 ,  B01D2251/2067 ,  B01F5/0498 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F01N3/208 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N2240/14 ,  F01N2240/16 ,  F01N2240/20 ,  F01N2410/04 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/10 ,  F01N2610/14 ,  F01N2610/1453 ,  Y02T10/24

摘要： A preferred process arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 ° C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.

摘要翻译： 优选的方法设计利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 在高于140℃的温度下分解的尿素（30）在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后被注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。