摘要:
In an automatic gain control circuit, a peak detection circuit detects and outputs the peak voltage of an output signal from a variable gain circuit. An average value detection/output amplitude setting circuit detects the average value voltage of an output signal from the variable gain circuit, and outputs a calculated voltage. An amplification circuit controls the gain of the variable gain circuit by amplifying the difference between the output voltages of the peak detection circuit and average value detection/output amplitude setting circuit. The number of base-emitter junctions of transistors on a path in the peak detection circuit from input ports which receive output signals from the variable gain circuit to an output port which outputs a voltage to the amplification circuit is equal to the number of base-emitter junctions of transistors on a path in the average value detection/output amplitude setting circuit.
摘要:
In a signal output circuit, an input buffer externally receives a single-phase switching instruction signal to switch a state of the output circuit a shutdown disable state or a shutdown enable state, and converts and outputs the single-phase switching instruction signal into a differential switching instruction signal. A generation control circuit outputs a generation control signal for controlling generation of a control voltage in the control voltage generation circuit based on the differential switching instruction signal. A control voltage generation circuit outputs the control voltage upon changing a value of the control voltage in accordance with a logic of the single-phase switching instruction signal. An output circuit externally receives a differential input signal, outputs a differential output signal upon impedance-converting the differential input signal, and switches between the shutdown disable state and the shutdown enable state of the differential input signal.
摘要:
Two D flip-flops (D-FFMA, D-FFMB) output two half-rate signals (DMR-A, DMR-B) by dividing a digital input signal (DM) into two signals and retiming them based on a clock signal (CLK) and a negative-phase clock signal (CLKB). First and second switches (SM1, SM2) are driven by the two half-rate signals (DMR-A, DMR-B). Third and fourth switches (SM3, SM4) are driven by a select signal SW and a negative-phase select signal SWB that have the same frequency as that of the clock signal TO (CLK) but a different phase from that of the clock signal (CLK). The current supplied from a current source (1) to a load (4) thus becomes a current signal corresponding to a conversion frequency twice the frequency of the clock signal (CLK).
摘要:
A variable light transmission device and projection display apparatus which does not generate vibrations and noises but is superior in light blocking property to a variable aperture using polymer-dispersed liquid crystal and can reduce a color change of a projected image as compared with a conventional variable aperture using liquid crystal. A variable light transmission device having: a pair of transparent substrates placed in parallel to each other; a multi-layer grating member disposed on one of opposing surfaces of the pair of transparent substrates, and transparent members having a multi-layer structure periodically placed to form a diffraction grating with a convex and concave section shape; liquid crystal interposed between the transparent substrates to bury the multi-layer grating member; and transparent electrodes for applying electric field to the liquid crystal.
摘要:
An imaging lens is provided, whose lens characteristics can be switched between e.g. normal imaging and close-up imaging without requiring mechanically movable mechanism or attachment/removal of another lens. Switching of lens function is realized by combining a liquid crystal diffraction lens and a refractive lens and applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal lens. The liquid crystal lens is constituted by two liquid crystal lenses that are laminated together so that their polarization directions producing lens functions are perpendicular to each other, which suppresses chromatic aberration and achieves good imaging characteristics by appropriately selecting focal lengths and Abbe numbers.
摘要:
A computer-readable recording medium storing a program for effectively restoring a previous status of a storage device which stores information of basic software, application software and setting data therefor in a computerized numerical controller when replacing the storage device. The recording medium stores a software recovery program for requiring an operator to select one of the functions of: installing a set of software with default setting; retreating all information stored in the storage device to an external storing device; restoring the all information retreated in the external storing device to the storage device, and performing one of the functions selected by the operator.
摘要:
The present invention provides an optical head apparatus having: a light source emitting a linearly-polarized light; an objective lens focusing a light source light emitted from the light source on an optical recording medium; a light detector receiving a return light generated by reflecting the light source light by the optical recording medium; and a variable diffraction device having: a first polarized light diffraction grating; and a second polarized light diffraction grating, the variable diffraction device: diffracting an incident light of the linearly-polarized light by one of the first polarized light diffraction grating and the second polarized light diffraction grating; and transmitting the incident light without diffraction by the other thereof, the first polarized light diffraction grating having: first stripes including an anisotropic transparent material; and second stripes including an isotropic transparent material, the first stripes and the second stripes being alternately arranged in a first direction and in a first pitch to fill each space; the second polarized light diffraction grating having: third stripes including an anisotropic transparent material; and fourth stripes including an isotropic transparent material, the third stripes and the fourth stripes being alternately arranged in a second direction and in a second pitch to fill each space; the first polarized light diffraction grating and the second polarized light diffraction grating being different in at least one of the pitches and the directions, the variable diffraction device being capable of switching: either the first polarized light diffraction grating or the second polarized light diffraction grating diffracting the incident light; and the other thereof transmitting the incident light without diffraction by changing refractive indices sensed by the incident light with respect to the first polarized light diffraction grating and the second polarized light diffraction grating by an externally applied electric signal.
摘要:
A phase plate and an optical head device are provided, which are capable of suppressing changes of the amount of light incident on a light-receiving unit even if the phase difference caused by transmission through a protective layer of an optical recording medium differs depending on the type of optical recording medium. The phase plate includes a birefringent medium and produces a phase difference in linearly polarized light incident on the phase plate between a polarization component having a polarization direction parallel to the optic axis of the birefringent medium and a polarization component having a polarization direction perpendicular to the optic axis. In the phase plate, the birefringent medium includes a plurality of types of phase areas disposed adjacently; at least two types of adjacent phase areas are different from each other in phase differences, optic axes, or both phase differences and optic axes; and each of the plurality of types of phase areas is disposed so as to have two-fold rotational symmetry with respect to the optical axis of the phase plate.
摘要:
A novel perfluoropolyether derivative which is less likely to undergo decomposition, which is free from a problem of deterioration during its use, and which is useful as a lubricating oil or a coating agent, is provided. A compound represented by the following formula (1): HO—(CH2CH2O)r•(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)p—CH2CF2O(CF2CF2O)mCF2CH2O—(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)q•(CH2CH2O)s—H Formula (1) wherein m represents an integer of from 3 to 200, and each of p, q, r and s which are independent of one another, represents an integer of from 0 to 100, provided that when each of p, q, r and s which are independent of one another, is an integer of at least 1, the arrangement of —(CH2CH2O)— and —(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)— units is not particularly limited, and when one of r and p is an integer of at least 2 and the other is an integer of at least 1, or when one of q and s is an integer of at least 2 and the other is an integer of at least 1, these units may be arranged in a block form or at random.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a pad electrode formed on the substrate and a bump electrode formed on the pad electrode, wherein the pad electrode has an irregular flaw, and there is provided a pattern covering the irregular flaw between the pad electrode an the bump electrode.