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    Process for the reactivation of nickel-alumina catalysts
    12.
    发明授权
    Process for the reactivation of nickel-alumina catalysts 失效
    镍 - 氧化铝催化剂再活化方法

    公开(公告)号：US5356845A

    公开(公告)日：1994-10-18

    申请号：US60333

    申请日：1993-05-11

    申请人： LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Stephen M. Davis ,  Brent E. Beasley

    发明人： LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Stephen M. Davis ,  Brent E. Beasley

    IPC分类号： B01J23/94 ,  B01J38/06 ,  C01B3/40 ,  C01B3/44 ,  B01J38/72 ,  B01J21/20 ,  C10J3/46

    CPC分类号： B01J23/94 ,  B01J38/06 ,  C01B3/40 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  Y10S502/516

    摘要： A process for the reactivation, or rejuvenation of a nickel-alumina catalyst employed in the production of a gas comprised of an admixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, or synthesis gas, by the conversion, in a reactor, or reaction zone, of light hydrocarbons in a fluidized bed of the catalyst at elevated temperature, in the presence of steam and oxygen. Catalyst reactivation is accomplished by withdrawing a portion of the catalyst from the fluidized bed of the reactor and treating the catalyst in an oxidation zone at temperature sufficient to oxidize and convert the nickel component of the catalyst to nickel aluminate and disperse said nickel aluminate within the alumina support, and then recycling the treated catalyst to the reactor, or reaction zone, to reactivate and increase the activity of the catalyst. The catalyst, on reduction in the reactor, or reaction zone, is provided an additional boost in activity by washing, treating or contacting the catalyst from the elevated temperature oxidation zone with an acid sufficient to remove trace impurities without removing any substantial amount of the nickel aluminate, and without forming a residue on the catalyst surface. The normal tendency of the catalyst to agglomerate at reaction conditions is also reduced by the acid treatment.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于生产由氢和一氧化碳的混合气体组成的气体或通过在反应器或反应区中转化的轻烃的合成气的镍 - 氧化铝催化剂的再活化或再生的方法 在催化剂的流化床中，在升高的温度下，在蒸汽和氧气的存在下。 催化剂再活化是通过从反应器的流化床中取出一部分催化剂并在氧化区中处理催化剂，该温度足以氧化并将催化剂的镍组分转化为铝酸镍，并将所述铝酸镍分散在氧化铝 支撑物，然后将经处理的催化剂再循环到反应器或反应区，以重新活化并增加催化剂的活性。 催化剂在还原反应器或反应区中的活性通过从高温氧化区洗涤，处理或接触催化剂而提供额外的活性提高，该酸足以除去痕量杂质而不除去任何相当大量的镍 铝酸盐，并且不在催化剂表面上形成残余物。 催化剂在反应条件下凝聚的正常趋势也通过酸处理降低。

    Alkali metal recovery from carbonaceous material conversion process
    13.
    发明授权
    Alkali metal recovery from carbonaceous material conversion process 失效
    碱性金属从碳质材料回收过程中的转化

    公开(公告)号：US4193771A

    公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

    申请号：US903635

    申请日：1978-05-08

    申请人： David W. Sharp ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Martin L. Gorbaty ,  Joe M. Tsou

    发明人： David W. Sharp ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Martin L. Gorbaty ,  Joe M. Tsou

    IPC分类号： C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/54

    CPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0966 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

    摘要： In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced in the gasifier or similar reaction zone, alkali metal constitutents are recovered from the particles by withdrawing and passing the particles from the reaction zone to an alkali metal recovery zone in the substantial absence of molecular oxygen and treating the particles in the recovery zone with water or an aqueous solution in the substantial absence of molecular oxygen. The solution formed by treating the particles in the recovery zone will contain water-soluble alkali metal constituents and is recycled to the conversion process where the alkali metal constituents serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. Preventing contact of the particles with oxygen as they are withdrawn from the reaction zone and during treatment in the recovery zone avoids the formation of undesirable alkali metal constituents in the aqueous solution produced in the recovery zone and insures maximum recovery of water-soluble alkali metal constituents from the alkali metal residues.

    摘要翻译： 在含有碱金属的催化剂的存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似的转化方法中，其中在气化器或类似反应区中产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒，通过抽出和通过从颗粒中回收碱金属组分 在基本上不存在分子氧的情况下，从反应区到碱金属回收区的颗粒，并且在基本上没有分子氧的情况下用水或水溶液处理回收区中的颗粒。 通过处理回收区中的颗粒形成的溶液将含有水溶性碱金属成分，并被循环到转化过程中，其中碱金属成分用作至少一部分含碱金属的催化剂的碱金属成分 。 防止颗粒与氧气在从反应区域中取出并在回收区域中处理期间与氧接触，避免在回收区产生的水溶液中形成不需要的碱金属成分，并确保水溶性碱金属成分的最大回收率 来自碱金属残留物。

    Preparation of mixed metal oxides by decomposition of carbonate solid solutions having the calcite structure
    14.
    发明授权
    Preparation of mixed metal oxides by decomposition of carbonate solid solutions having the calcite structure 失效
    通过分解具有方解石结构的碳酸盐固溶体制备混合金属氧化物

    公开(公告)号：US4060500A

    公开(公告)日：1977-11-29

    申请号：US684744

    申请日：1976-05-10

    申请人： LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  John M. Longo ,  Harold S. Horowitz

    发明人： LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  John M. Longo ,  Harold S. Horowitz

    IPC分类号： B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/889 ,  B01J37/03 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/90 ,  B01J23/04 ,  B01J23/06 ,  B01J23/84

    CPC分类号： B01J37/03 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/8892 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M2300/0014

    摘要： A process for the preparation of high surface area mixed metal oxides by decomposition of solid solutions of carbonates possessing the calcite structure. Oxide compounds comprising mixtures of Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd and Mg can be prepared by this method. For example, CaMnO.sub.3 with a surface area of 11 m.sup.2 /g useful as a battery cathode, has been prepared by the instant method, that is, by decomposition of a CaMn(CO.sub.3).sub.2 precursor.The mixed metal carbonate solid solutions which are used as precursors for the preparation of the mixed metal oxides are themselves prepared by the precipitation from solution of the appropriate metal ions by the addition of an excess of a carbonate ion source (such as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 CO.sub.3). The metal-ion ratio in this solution is adjusted so that the resulting precipitate has the same stoichiometry as the desired oxide. The intimate mixing achieved by using the carbonate precipitation technique allows calcination to metal oxide to be run at lower temperatures for shorter periods of time, thereby achieving higher surface areas.

    摘要翻译： 一种通过分解具有方解石结构的碳酸盐固溶体制备高表面积混合金属氧化物的方法。 包含Ca，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Zn，Cd和Mg的混合物的氧化物可以通过该方法制备。 例如，通过即时方法即CaMn（CO 3）2前体的分解制备了可用作电池阴极的表面积为11m 2 / g的CaMnO 3。

    Use of perovskites and perovskite-related compounds as battery cathodes
    15.
    发明授权
    Use of perovskites and perovskite-related compounds as battery cathodes 失效
    使用钙钛矿和钙钛矿相关化合物作为电池阴极

    公开(公告)号：US3939008A

    公开(公告)日：1976-02-17

    申请号：US548291

    申请日：1975-02-10

    申请人： John M. Longo ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna

    发明人： John M. Longo ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna

    IPC分类号： H01M4/58 ,  H01M6/16 ,  H01M17/00

    CPC分类号： H01M4/58 ,  H01M6/16

    摘要： A novel battery is disclosed in which the cathode active material is an oxide having a perovskite or perovskite related structure and the general formula ABO.sub.3, wherein A is an element selected from Group IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements and B is a non-noble transition metal selected from Group VIIB and VIII of the periodic Table of the Elements. The anode is a metal selected from cadmium, zinc, lead, lithium, sodium and potassium.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种新型电池，其中正极活性材料是具有钙钛矿或钙钛矿相关结构的氧化物，通式为ABO 3，其中A为选自元素周期表IIA族的元素，B为非贵金属 选自元素周期表VIIB和VIII族的过渡金属。 阳极是选自镉，锌，铅，锂，钠和钾的金属。

    Hydrothermal alkali metal catalyst recovery process
    17.
    发明授权
    Hydrothermal alkali metal catalyst recovery process 失效
    水热碱金属催化剂回收工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4157246A

    公开(公告)日：1979-06-05

    申请号：US872859

    申请日：1978-01-27

    申请人： James M. Eakman ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna

    发明人： James M. Eakman ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna

    IPC分类号： C10G1/08 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/06

    CPC分类号： C10G1/086 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0966 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S208/951

    摘要： In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced, alkali metal constituents are recovered from the particles primarily in the form of water soluble alkali metal formates by treating the particles with a calcium or magnesium-containing compound in the presence of water at a temperature between about 250.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. and in the presence of added carbon monoxide. During the treating process the water insoluble alkali metal compounds comprising the insoluble alkali metal residues are converted into water soluble alkali metal formates. The resultant aqueous solution containing water soluble alkali metal formates is then separated from the treated particles and any insoluble materials formed during the treatment process, and recycled to the gasification process where the alkali metal formates serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. This process permits increased recovery of alkali metal constituents, thereby decreasing the overall cost of the gasification process by reducing the amount of makeup alkali metal compounds necessary.

    摘要翻译： 在产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒的含碱金属的催化剂存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似转化方法中，主要以水溶性碱金属甲酸盐的形式从颗粒中回收碱金属成分， 在水的存在下，在约250°F至约700°F的温度和在加入的一氧化碳存在下，用含钙或镁的化合物处理颗粒。 在处理过程中，将包含不溶性碱金属残余物的水不溶性碱金属化合物转化为水溶性碱金属甲酸盐。 然后将所得含有水溶性碱金属甲酸盐的水溶液与处理过的颗粒和在处理过程中形成的任何不溶物质分离，并再循环至气化过程，其中碱金属甲酸盐用作至少一部分碱金属组分， 包含含碱金属的催化剂。 该方法允许碱金属组分的回收率增加，从而通过减少所需的碱金属化合物的量来降低气化过程的整体成本。