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    Solar Cell
    11.
    发明申请
    Solar Cell 审中-公开
    太阳能电池

    公开(公告)号：US20080251117A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-10-16

    申请号：US11886195

    申请日：2006-02-25

    申请人： Markus Schubert ,  Uwe Rau ,  Philipp Johannes Rostan ,  Viet Xuan Nguyen

    发明人： Markus Schubert ,  Uwe Rau ,  Philipp Johannes Rostan ,  Viet Xuan Nguyen

    IPC分类号： H01L31/00

    CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/02167 ,  Y02E10/50

    摘要： The invention relates to a solar cell with a base layer (12) having a first doping that, together with a front layer (14) having a second doping of opposite polarity, forms a boundary layer. The solar cell has at least one front contact (18) and at least one rear contact (32). A passivation layer (24) and a tunnel contact layer (26, 28) are placed between the base layer (12) and the rear contact (32).

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有第一掺杂的基底层（12）的太阳能电池，其与具有相反极性的第二掺杂的前层（14）一起形成边界层。 太阳能电池具有至少一个前触点（18）和至少一个后触点（32）。 钝化层（24）和隧道接触层（26,28）被放置在基层（12）和后触点（32）之间。

    Supported Catalyst Comprising Delta- Or Theta-Modified Aluminium Oxide Supports
    13.
    发明申请
    Supported Catalyst Comprising Delta- Or Theta-Modified Aluminium Oxide Supports 审中-公开
    负载型催化剂包括三角形或者改性氧化铝载体

    公开(公告)号：US20080045766A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-02-21

    申请号：US10590979

    申请日：2005-02-24

    申请人： Markus Schubert ,  Jurgen Stephan ,  Volker Bohn ,  Andreas Brodhagen ,  Frank Poplow

    发明人： Markus Schubert ,  Jurgen Stephan ,  Volker Bohn ,  Andreas Brodhagen ,  Frank Poplow

    IPC分类号： B01J21/04 ,  B01J23/36 ,  B01J32/00 ,  B01J37/08

    CPC分类号： B01J21/04 ,  B01J23/36 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J35/1019 ,  B01J35/1042 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J37/08 ,  C07C5/333 ,  C10G45/00 ,  C07C11/08 ,  C07C11/02

    摘要： Process for producing a supported catalyst which comprises at least 75% by weight of Al2O3, whose proportion of Al2O3 in the delta or theta modification is, based on the proportion of Al2O3, at least 1% and which comprises a rhenium compound and, if appropriate, a promoter as active component (A), which comprises a) converting a customary support (S) which comprises at least 75% by weight of Al2O3 and to which a promoter may, if appropriate, have been applied is converted into a modified support (S) whose proportion of Al2O3 in the delta or theta modification is, based on the proportion of Al2O3, at least 1% by calcining the customary support (S) at a temperature of from 750 to 1100°C., b) producing a supported catalyst precursor from the modified support (S) by applying the active component (A) comprising the rhenium compound to the modified support (S) and c) calcining the supported catalyst precursor at a temperature of from 500 to 750° C.

    摘要翻译： 负载催化剂的制备方法，其包含至少75重量％的Al 2 O 3 O 3，其比例为Al 2 O 3 O 3， δ或θ改性中的3 N是基于Al 2 O 3 3 3％至少1％的比例，并且其包含铼化合物，如果 合适的作为活性组分（A）的促进剂，其包括a）转化常规载体（S），其包含至少75重量％的Al 2 O 3 3和 如果合适的话，启动子可以被施加到其上，转化成其在δ或θ改性中的Al 2 O 3 O 3比例为的改性载体（S） 基于Al 2 O 3 3 3％的比例，通过在750至1100℃的温度下煅烧常规载体（S）至少1％，b） 通过将包含铼化合物的活性组分（A）施加到改性载体（S）上，由改性载体（S）制备负载型催化剂前体， 和c）在500-750℃的温度下煅烧负载的催化剂前体

    Two-stage method for producing butanediol with intermediated separation of succinic anhydride
    14.
    发明授权
    Two-stage method for producing butanediol with intermediated separation of succinic anhydride 失效
    用丁二酸中间分离制备丁二醇的两阶段方法

    公开(公告)号：US07271299B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-09-18

    申请号：US10516922

    申请日：2003-06-11

    申请人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rösch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    发明人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rösch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    IPC分类号： C07C31/18

    CPC分类号： C07C29/149 ,  C07C31/207

    摘要： Optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol is prepared from C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof by: a) a gas stream of the C4-dicarboxylic acid or the derivative thereof in a first reactor in the gas phase to obtain a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted γ-butyro-lactone; b) removing succinic anhydride from the product of step a); c) catalytically hydrogenating the product of step b) in a second reactor in the gas phase to obtain optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol; d) removing the desired product from intermediates, by-products and any unconverted reactants; and e) optionally recycling unconverted intermediates into one or both hydrogenation stages. The catalysts employed in each of the hydrogenation stages comprise ≦95% by weight of CuO, and ≦5% by weight of an oxidic support, and the second reactor has a higher pressure than the first reactor.

    摘要翻译： 任选地，烷基取代的1,4-丁二醇由C 4-14二羧酸和/或其衍生物通过以下方法制备：a）引入C 4 - 二羧酸或其衍生物在气相中的第一反应器中，以获得主要含有烷基取代的γ-丁内酯的产物; b）从步骤a）的产物中除去琥珀酸酐; c）在气相中的第二反应器中催化氢化步骤b）的产物以获得任选的烷基取代的1,4-丁二醇; d）从中间体，副产物和任何未转化的反应物中除去所需的产物; 和e）任选地将未转化的中间体再循环到一个或两个氢化阶段。 在每个氢化阶段中使用的催化剂包含<95重量％的CuO和<= 5重量％的氧化载体，并且第二反应器具有比第一反应器更高的压力。

    Method for the production of 1,4- butane-diol by combined gas-phase and liquid-phase hydrogenation
    16.
    发明授权
    Method for the production of 1,4- butane-diol by combined gas-phase and liquid-phase hydrogenation 失效
    通过组合气相和液相氢化生产1,4-丁二醇的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07169958B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-01-30

    申请号：US10516923

    申请日：2003-06-10

    申请人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rösch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    发明人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rösch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    IPC分类号： C07C29/132 ,  C07C29/149 ,  C07C29/136 ,  C07C29/147

    CPC分类号： C07C29/149 ,  C07C31/207

    摘要： The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 2 to 60 bar into a first reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted γ-butyrolactone; b) converting the product stream into the liquid phase; c) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor at a temperature of from 100° C. to 240° C. and a pressure of from 20 to 250 bar and catalytically hydrogenating it in the liquid phase to optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol; d) removing the desired product from by-products and any unconverted reactants; e) optionally recycling unconverted intermediates into one or both hydrogenation stages, said hydrogenation stages both using a catalyst which comprises ≦95% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, in particular from 10 to 80% by weight, of CuO, and ≧5% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, in particular from 20 to 90% by weight, of a support, said second reactor having a higher pressure than said first reactor, and the product mixture removed from said first reactor being introduced without further purification into said second reactor.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过在具有下列物质的C 4 - 二羧酸和/或其衍生物的气相中通过两阶段催化氢化制备任选的烷基取代的1,4-丁二醇的方法 步骤：a）将200-300℃和2-60巴的C 4-14二羧酸或其衍生物的气流引入第一反应器，并将其催化氢化至 主要含烷基取代的γ-丁内酯的产品; b）将产物流转化成液相; c）将以这种方式获得的产物流在100℃至240℃的温度和20至250巴的压力下引入第二反应器，并将其在液相中催化氢化为任选的烷基取代的 1,4-丁二醇 d）从副产物和任何未转化的反应物中除去所需的产物; e）任选地将未转化的中间体再循环到一个或两个氢化阶段中，所述氢化步骤均使用包含<= 95重量％，优选5至95重量％，特别是10至80重量％的CuO ，和> = 5重量％，优选5至95重量％，特别是20至90重量％的载体，所述第二反应器具有比所述第一反应器更高的压力，并将产物混合物从 所述第一反应器不经进一步纯化地引入所述第二反应器。

    Method for the production of 1,4- butane-diol by combined gas-phase and liquid-phase hydrogenation
    17.
    发明申请
    Method for the production of 1,4- butane-diol by combined gas-phase and liquid-phase hydrogenation 失效
    通过组合气相和液相氢化生产1,4-丁二醇的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050267318A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

    申请号：US10516923

    申请日：2003-06-10

    申请人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rosch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    发明人： Michael Hesse ,  Stephan Schlitter ,  Holger Borchert ,  Markus Schubert ,  Markus Rosch ,  Nils Bottke ,  Rolf-Hartmuth Fischer ,  Alexander Weck ,  Gunther Windecker ,  Gunnar Heydrich

    IPC分类号： B01J23/80 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C29/149 ,  C07C31/20 ,  C07C31/18

    CPC分类号： C07C29/149 ,  C07C31/207

    摘要： The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 2 to 60 bar into a first reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted 7-butyrolactone; b) converting the product stream into the liquid phase; c) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor at a temperature of from 100° C. to 240° C. and a pressure of from 20 to 250 bar and catalytically hydrogenating it in the liquid phase to optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol; d) removing the desired product from by-products and any unconverted reactants; e) optionally recycling unconverted intermediates into one or both hydrogenation stages, said hydrogenation stages both using a catalyst which comprises ≦95% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, in particular from 10 to 80% by weight, of CuO, and ≧5% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, in particular from 20 to 90% by weight, of a support, said second reactor having a higher pressure than said first reactor, and the product mixture removed from said first reactor being introduced without further purification into said second reactor.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过在具有下列物质的C 4 - 二羧酸和/或其衍生物的气相中通过两阶段催化氢化制备任选的烷基取代的1,4-丁二醇的方法 步骤：a）将200-300℃和2-60巴的C 4-14二羧酸或其衍生物的气流引入第一反应器，并将其催化氢化至 主要含有烷基取代的7-丁内酯的产物; b）将产物流转化成液相; c）将以这种方式获得的产物流在100℃至240℃的温度和20至250巴的压力下引入第二反应器，并将其在液相中催化氢化为任选的烷基取代的 1,4-丁二醇 d）从副产物和任何未转化的反应物中除去所需的产物; e）任选地将未转化的中间体再循环到一个或两个氢化阶段中，所述氢化步骤均使用包含<= 95重量％，优选5至95重量％，特别是10至80重量％的CuO ，和> = 5重量％，优选5至95重量％，特别是20至90重量％的载体，所述第二反应器具有比所述第一反应器更高的压力，并将产物混合物从 所述第一反应器不经进一步纯化地引入所述第二反应器。