摘要:
A device has a scale on which a grating pattern is formed, a light source to irradiate light on the scale, a wavelength plate to transform multiple diffracted lights from the light source into circular polarized light, respectively, an optical element to superposition and cause interference of the multiple diffracted lights, and a photodetector to receive the interfered light. Also, a generating unit to generate linearly polarized light by the light from the light source, so that the multiple diffracted lights input to the wavelength plate become linearly polarized light with a same mutual polarization direction.
摘要:
There is provided a FAAH inhibitor and a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for cerebrovascular disorders or sleep disorders comprising it. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent comprises a compound of the formula (I0): wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur; R1 is aryl which may be substituted, or a heterocyclic group which may be substituted; R1a is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, hydroxyl, etc.; R2 is piperidin-1,4-diyl which may be substituted, or piperazin-1,4-diyl which may be substituted; R3 is a group formed by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which may be further substituted, —CO—, etc.; and R4 is a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, or a heterocyclic group which may be substituted; or a salt thereof.
摘要翻译:提供了FAAH抑制剂和包含其的脑血管障碍或睡眠障碍的预防或治疗剂。 预防或治疗剂包括式(I0)化合物:其中Z是氧或硫; R1可以被取代的芳基,或可被取代的杂环基; R1a为氢原子,可被取代的烃基,羟基等; R2是可被取代的哌啶-1,4-二基,或可被取代的哌嗪-1,4-二基; R3是通过从具有1至3个选自氮,氧和硫的杂原子的5元芳族杂环基中除去两个氢原子而形成的基团,其可进一步被-CO-等取代; R 4为可被取代的烃基,或可被取代的杂环基; 或其盐。
摘要:
Provided are a condensed pyridine derivative having a serotonin 5-HT2C receptor activation action, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a lower urinary tract symptom, obesity and/or organ prolapse and the like containing the condensed pyridine derivative, a screening method for a substance that increases leak point pressure upon a rise in the intravesical pressure or a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for stress urinary incontinence, a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for cystoceles or enteroceles, containing a substance that activates serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, and a method of screening for a therapeutic drug for cystoceles or enteroceles, including increasing an intravesical pressure after bilateral transection of the hypogastric nerve and pudendal nerve of an animal, and measuring a closure response in the urethra, the rectum or the vagina observed at that time. A serotonin 5-HT2c receptor activator containing a compound represented by the formula: wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.
摘要:
The present invention provides an exposure apparatus including a projection optical system configured to project a pattern of a reticle located on an object plane onto a substrate located on an image plane, a phase shift type mark mounted on a stage which holds the substrate, an image sensor which is set at one of a position of the object plane and a position optically conjugate to the object plane, and is configured to capture an image of the mark via the projection optical system, and a controller configured to control the stage based on an interval between edge images, formed by a pair of edge portions, in the image of the mark captured by the image sensor.
摘要:
In an optical amplifier including a metal layer having an incident/reflective surface adapted to receive incident light and output its reflective light, and a dielectric layer formed on an opposite surface of the metal layer opposing the incident/reflective surface, the incident light excites surface plasmon resonance light in the metal layer while the dielectric layer is excited, so that an extinct ion coefficient of the dielectric layer is made negative.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus has a projection optical system for projecting a pattern of a reticle onto a wafer, a wafer stage to hold and to move the wafer, and a position detecting system to detect a position of the wafer in an optical-axis direction. The position detecting system has (i) an irradiation unit for irradiating plural lights having different wavelengths from each other onto the wafer, oblique to a surface of the wafer, the irradiation unit irradiating the plural lights onto plural places on a shot on the wafer, (ii) a detector for detecting the plural lights reflected on the plural places on the wafer, and (iii) a controller for calculating the position of the wafer in the optical-axis direction based on a detection result of the detector, the controller having a memory to store the detection, a selector to select one of the plural lights based on the stored detection result in the memory, and a calculator to calculate the position of the wafer in the optical-axis direction.
摘要:
A vehicle locking device locking a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, equipped with rollers allowing driving wheels of the vehicle placed thereon, while keeping the driving wheels thereof placed on the rollers, was configured so as to detect angles of traction, to determine traction forces optimum for hauling the vehicle based on the detected angles, and to control the vehicle locking device based on thus-determined traction forces so as to take up a belt, aiming at readily and stably locking a test vehicle under optimum traction forces.
摘要:
A compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof; and an agent for protecting a brain/neuronal cell or a therapeutic agent for sleep disorder comprising the compound or salt: wherein Z represents an oxygen or sulfur; R1 represents an aryl or heterocyclic group which may be substituted, provided that R1 is not a 3-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-naphthalen-1-yl group; R1a represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, a hydroxyl group or the like; R2 represents a piperidin-1,4-diyl or piperazin-1,4-diyl which may be substituted; R3 represents a bivalent group which is formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from a benzene ring or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, provided that R3 is not a pyridazin-3,6-diyl; and R4 represents a group which is formed by removing one hydrogen atom from a benzene ring or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, provided that the substituent on the heterocyclic ring is not a phenylethyl group which may be substituted when Z is sulfur.
摘要:
A lighting system includes a microwave resonator (2) for generating a standing microwave in the internal space, and a gas cell (6) enclosing a medium is disposed in the internal space of the microwave resonator 2. The lighting system excites the medium in the gas cell (6) by the standing microwave to generate light. The gas cell (6) is replaceably mounted on the microwave resonator (2). The generated light is output to the outside of the microwave resonator (2) through a light lead-out hole (26). Thereby, it is possible to provide a lighting system (including a gas laser) capable of emitting light efficiently with a compact and inexpensive device configuration and of achieving a long life. Moreover, it can also be used as a lighting system in the THz-wave region by enclosing the medium for generating light in the far-infrared region in the gas cell (6).
摘要:
A method of making a gap between first and second objects have a predetermined value includes steps of introducing light to an entry window on the first object, detecting an intensity of light from an exit window on the first object, and positioning the second object, with respect to a direction concerning the gap, based on an intensity of light detected in the detecting step. The exit window is positioned so that light enters through the entry window of the first object, reflects off the second object, and then enters the exit window of the first object if the gap has the predetermined value.