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公开(公告)号：US06623158B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-23
申请号：US09882651
申请日：2001-06-15
IPC分类号： G01N2572
CPC分类号： G01B21/085 , G11B5/607 , G11B33/10 , G11B33/14 , G11B2005/0021
摘要： A method and apparatus for mapping the character and location of small surface variations on a planar surface. Energy in the form of pulses is supplied to an object in close proximity to the planar surface to thereby raise the temperature of the object and at part of the surface. A change in temperature of the object is detected when it is in proximity to the variation to define the location and character of the variation. By supplying the energy in the form of pulses, the size of the thermal signature produced in the planar surface is limited wherein a more accurate and more sensitive mapping method and apparatus are provided. The energy supply may be thermal energy or optical energy but preferably is electrical energy which heats a resistive element. Preferably, the object is a magnetoresistive head of a disk drive assembly and the surface may be that of a magnetic recording material. The change in temperature is detected by monitoring the resistance of the magnetoresistive coil of the head. It is preferred that the object be positioned with respect to the surface so that when that relative motion between the surface and the object occurs, the object does not contact the surface.
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公开(公告)号：US4630941A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US790650
申请日：1985-10-24
IPC分类号： F16C32/06
CPC分类号： F16C29/025 , F16C32/06 , F16C32/0611
摘要： An improved squeeze bearing apparatus exhibits torsional stiffness or rotational restraint since its rod-like bearing member (22) and its sleeve-like bearing member (28) comprise non-circular perimeters (26,32).
摘要翻译： 改进的挤压轴承装置显示出扭转刚度或旋转限制，因为其杆状轴承构件（22）及其套筒状轴承构件（28）包括非圆形周长（26,32）。
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公开(公告)号：US4553259A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-12
申请号：US567202
申请日：1983-12-30
CPC分类号： G06K9/6206 , G07C9/0015
摘要： A signature verification system includes means for obtaining acceleration data and pressure data related to a given signature and means for comparing that data with reference data previously obtained from an identified signer. The correlations between segments of a reference pressure signal and a sample pressure signal are computed. This process involves successively measuring the correlation as the two segments are shifted with respect to each other. The amount of the shifts that produce the maximum correlations between the pressure signal segments is stored in memory. The corresponding segments of acceleration data are shifted with respect to one another by an amount which is .+-.1 time units of the stored shift values during subsequent correlations of the acceleration data. The overall performance of the signature verification system is improved both in terms of processing time and in error rate as compared to the independent shifting method and in error rate with a minor increase in computation time as compared to the pressure only shifting method.
摘要翻译： 签名验证系统包括用于获得与给定签名相关的加速度数据和压力数据的装置，以及用于将该数据与先前从识别的签名者获得的参考数据进行比较的装置。 计算参考压力信号的段与样本压力信号之间的相关性。 该过程涉及当两个段相对于彼此移位时连续地测量相关性。 产生压力信号段之间最大相关性的位移量存储在存储器中。 加速度数据的相应段相对于加速度数据的后续相关中的存储的移位值的+/- 1个时间单位相对于彼此移位。 与独立移动方法相比，签名验证系统的整体性能在处理时间和错误率方面都有所改善，并且与仅压力换档方法相比，在计算时间稍微增加的情况下改进了错误率。
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公开(公告)号：US4553258A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-12
申请号：US567200
申请日：1983-12-30
CPC分类号： G07C9/0015 , G06K9/00154
摘要： A signature verification method is based on a comparison of the dynamics of a reference and a sample signature. Acceleration and pressure signals produced by a known person when writing his or her signature are stored and used as a reference signals. Then, at a later time, a person whose signature is to be verified writes his or her signature to produce acceleration and pressure signals that are compared to the reference signals. The process of comparison involves segmenting the two sets of signals to facilitate identifying regions of high probable correlation and then correlating corresponding segment pairs. Segmentation is based on pen lifts which represent reproducible timing marks in the signatures. According to the disclosed method, a pen or other writing instrument is used which produces a signal representative of the first time derivative of the pressure forces exerted on the stylus of the pen. The second time derivative of the pressure forces is computed from the measured signal. The first and second time derivatives are examined to detect quiet times indicative of lifting the pen from a writing surface. The detected quiet times are checked to determine if they have a time duration which exceeds a predetermined time period. The polarity and amplitude of the second time derivatives are tested to determine if they are positive and exceed a predetermined threshold at the beginning and end of each detected quiet time. Preferably, the steps of detecting quiet times, examining the duration of the quiet times, and testing the polarity and amplitude of the second derivatives are performed concurrently.
摘要翻译： 签名验证方法基于参考动态和样本签名的比较。 作为参考信号，存储并使用已知人在写入或签名时产生的加速度和压力信号。 然后，在稍后的时间，要签名的人将被写入他或她的签名以产生与参考信号相比较的加速度和压力信号。 比较过程涉及分割两组信号，以便于识别高可能相关性的区域，然后对相应的段对进行相关。 分段是基于笔签，代表签名中可重现的时间标记。 根据所公开的方法，使用笔或其他书写工具，其产生表示施加在笔的触笔上的压力的第一时间导数的信号。 根据测量信号计算压力的二次导数。 检查第一次和第二次导数以检测指示从书写表面抬起笔的安静时间。 检查检测到的安静时间以确定它们是否具有超过预定时间段的持续时间。 测试第二次导数的极性和幅度，以确定它们是否在正确的并且在每个检测到的安静时间的开始和结束时超过预定的阈值。 优选地，同时执行检测安静时间，检查安静时间的持续时间以及测试二阶导数的极性和幅度的步骤。
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15.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09307674B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-05
申请号：US13102200
申请日：2011-05-06
申请人： Timothy J. Chainer , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark E. Steinke
发明人： Timothy J. Chainer , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark E. Steinke
IPC分类号： H01L23/427 , H01L23/473 , H05K7/20 , F28D15/02
CPC分类号： H05K7/20336 , F28D15/02 , H05K7/20509 , H05K7/20772 , H05K7/20936
摘要： Apparatus and method are provided for facilitating cooling of an electronic component. The apparatus includes a liquid-cooled cold plate and a thermal spreader associated with the cold plate. The cold plate includes multiple coolant-carrying channel sections extending within the cold plate, and a thermal conduction surface with a larger surface area than a surface area of the component to be cooled. The thermal spreader includes one or more heat pipes including multiple heat pipe sections. One or more heat pipe sections are partially aligned to a first region of the cold plate, that is, where aligned to the surface to be cooled, and partially aligned to a second region of the cold plate, which is outside the first region. The one or more heat pipes facilitate distribution of heat from the electronic component to coolant-carrying channel sections of the cold plate located in the second region of the cold plate.
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16.发明授权Thermoelectric-enhanced, liquid-based cooling of a multi-component electronic system 有权多组分电子系统的热电增强型液态冷却公开(公告)号：US09027360B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-12
申请号：US13102195
申请日：2011-05-06
申请人： Timothy J. Chainer , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark E. Steinke
发明人： Timothy J. Chainer , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark E. Steinke
CPC分类号： H05K7/20763 , F25B21/02 , F25B21/04 , F25D17/06 , H05K7/20254 , H05K7/20263 , H05K7/20781 , H05K7/2079 , H05K7/20836
摘要： Apparatus and method are provided for facilitating cooling of an electronic component. The apparatus includes a liquid-cooled structure, a thermal conduction path coupling the electronic component and the liquid-cooled structure, a coolant loop in fluid communication with a coolant-carrying channel of the liquid-cooled structure, and an outdoor-air-cooled heat exchange unit coupled to facilitate heat transfer from the liquid-cooled structure via, at least in part, the coolant loop. The thermoelectric array facilitates transfer of heat from the electronic component to the liquid-cooled structure, and the heat exchange unit cools coolant passing through the coolant loop by dissipating heat from the coolant to outdoor ambient air. In one implementation, temperature of coolant entering the liquid-cooled structure is greater than temperature of the outdoor ambient air to which heat is dissipated.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于促进电子部件的冷却的装置和方法。 该装置包括液冷结构，耦合电子部件和液冷结构的热传导路径，与液冷结构的冷却剂传送通道流体连通的冷却剂回路，室外空气冷却 热交换单元被耦合以便于至少部分地通过冷却剂回路从液冷结构经由热传递。 热电阵列有助于将热量从电子部件传递到液冷结构，并且热交换单元通过将冷却剂的热量散发到室外环境空气来冷却通过冷却剂回路的冷却剂。 在一个实施方案中，进入液冷结构的冷却剂的温度大于散热的室外环境空气的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US20140020418A1
公开(公告)日：2014-01-23
申请号：US13588260
申请日：2012-08-17
CPC分类号： H05K7/20836 , G06F1/206
摘要： A data center cooling system may include heat transfer equipment to cool a liquid coolant without vapor compression refrigeration, and the liquid coolant is used on a liquid cooled information technology equipment rack housed in the data center. The system may also include a controller-apparatus to regulate the liquid coolant flow to the liquid cooled information technology equipment rack through a range of liquid coolant flow values based upon information technology equipment temperature thresholds.
摘要翻译： 数据中心冷却系统可以包括用于冷却没有蒸气压缩制冷的液体冷却剂的传热设备，并且液体冷却剂被用在容纳在数据中心中的液冷信息技术设备机架上。 该系统还可以包括控制器装置，其通过基于信息技术设备温度阈值的一系列液体冷却剂流量值来调节流向液体冷却的信息技术设备机架的液体冷却剂流。
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18.发明授权Using in situ capacitance measurements to monitor the stability of interface materials in complex PCB assemblies and other structures 失效使用原位电容测量来监测复杂PCB组件和其他结构中界面材料的稳定性公开(公告)号：US08589102B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-19
申请号：US13010854
申请日：2011-01-21
IPC分类号： G01N27/22
CPC分类号： G01N27/228 , H01L23/34 , H01L23/3733 , H01L23/42 , H01L2924/0002 , H05K3/30 , Y10T29/49002 , Y10T29/4913 , H01L2924/00
摘要： An electric potential is applied to first and second electrodes on opposite sides of a gap between an electronic component and a heat spreader. At least one of a thermal interface material in the gap, the electronic component and the heat spreader is subjected to a changing physical condition. The electrical capacitance between the electrodes is monitored during the changing physical condition. Such a method can be practiced using an array of components sharing a common heat spreader. An assembly for testing thermal interfaces includes a printed circuit board, a plurality of electronic components mounted to and operatively associated with the printed circuit board, a heat spreader positioned for absorbing heat generated by the electronic components, a first electrode associated with the heat spreader, a plurality of second electrodes associated, respectively, with the electronic component, and a device for monitoring electrical capacitances between the first and second electrodes. The technique may be employed for monitoring physical changes in electronic devices and other structures having interfaces between components.
摘要翻译： 在电子部件和散热器之间的间隙的相对侧上的第一和第二电极上施加电位。 间隙中的热界面材料，电子部件和散热器中的至少一个受到变化的物理条件的影响。 在变化的物理条件期间监测电极之间的电容。 可以使用共享共用散热器的部件阵列来实施这种方法。 用于测试热界面的组件包括印刷电路板，安装到印刷电路板并且与印刷电路板可操作地相关联的多个电子部件，定位成用于吸收由电子部件产生的热量的散热器，与散热器相关联的第一电极， 分别与电子部件相关联的多个第二电极和用于监测第一和第二电极之间的电容的装置。 该技术可以用于监测电子设备中的物理变化以及具有组件之间的接口的其他结构。
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19.发明授权Cooled electronic system with thermal spreaders coupling electronics cards to cold rails 失效冷却电子系统，散热器将电子卡耦合到冷轨公开(公告)号：US08493738B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-23
申请号：US13102211
申请日：2011-05-06
申请人： Timothy J. Chainer , Michael A. Gaynes , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark D. Schultz , Daniel P. Simco , Mark E. Steinke
发明人： Timothy J. Chainer , Michael A. Gaynes , David P. Graybill , Madhusudan K. Iyengar , Vinod Kamath , Bejoy J. Kochuparambil , Roger R. Schmidt , Mark D. Schultz , Daniel P. Simco , Mark E. Steinke
IPC分类号： H05K7/20
CPC分类号： H05K7/20772 , H05K7/20781 , H05K7/2079
摘要： Liquid-cooled electronic systems are provided which include an electronic assembly having an electronics card and a socket with a latch at one end. The latch facilitates securing of the card within the socket or removal of the card from the socket. A liquid-cooled cold rail is disposed at the one end of the socket, and a thermal spreader couples the electronics card to the cold rail. The thermal spreader includes first and second thermal transfer plates coupled to first and second surfaces on opposite sides of the card, and thermally conductive extensions extending from end edges of the plates, which couple the respective transfer plates to the liquid-cooled cold rail. The thermally conductive extensions are disposed to the sides of the latch, and the card is securable within or removable from the socket using the latch without removing the cold rail or the thermal spreader.
摘要翻译： 提供液冷电子系统，其包括具有电子卡的电子组件和在一端具有闩锁的插座。 闩锁有助于将卡固定在插座内或从插座中取出卡。 液冷冷轨布置在插座的一端，散热器将电子卡连接到冷轨。 热散布器包括耦合到卡的相对侧上的第一和第二表面的第一和第二热传递板，以及从板的端部边缘延伸的导热延伸件，其将相应的传递板联接到液体冷却的冷轨。 导热延伸部设置在闩锁的侧面，并且卡可以使用闩锁固定在插座内或从插座中移除而不移除冷轨或散热器。
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20.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20130081781A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-04
申请号：US13252888
申请日：2011-10-04
IPC分类号： F24J3/08
CPC分类号： G06F1/20 , G06F2200/201 , H05K7/20654 , H05K7/2079
摘要： A data center cooling system is operated in a first mode, and has an indoor portion wherein heat is absorbed from components in the data center by a heat transfer fluid, and an outdoor heat exchanger portion and a geothermal heat exchanger portion. The first mode includes ambient air cooling of the heat transfer fluid in the outdoor heat exchanger portion and/or geothermal cooling of the heat transfer fluid in the geothermal heat exchanger portion. Based on an appropriate metric, a determination is made that a switch should be made from the first mode to a second mode; and, in response, the data center cooling system is switched to the second mode. The second mode is different than the first mode.
摘要翻译： 数据中心冷却系统以第一模式运行，并且具有通过传热流体和室外热交换器部分和地热换热器部分从数据中心的部件吸收热量的室内部分。 第一模式包括室外热交换器部分中的传热流体的环境空气冷却和/或地热换热器部分中的传热流体的地热冷却。 基于适当的度量，确定应当从第一模式到第二模式的开关; 并且作为响应，数据中心冷却系统被切换到第二模式。 第二模式与第一模式不同。
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