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公开(公告)号：US5127925A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-07
申请号：US346256
申请日：1989-04-28
CPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D53/228 , B01D67/0079 , B01D69/147 , B01D69/148 , B01D71/028 , B01D71/70
摘要： A fluid feed mixture, either liquid or gaseous in nature, may be subjected to a gas enrichment separation process. The process is effected by contacting the mixture with the upstream face of a mixed matrix membrane which comprises an organic polymer having a solid particulate adsorbent incorporated therein, the permeability coefficient of the organic polymer being compatible with the permeability coefficient of the adsorbent. The permeate which emanates from the downstream face of the membrane comprises a fluid product mixture in which the proportion of the first fluid component of the feed mixture, which possesses a greater steady state permeability in relation to the second fluid component, is greater than the proportion present in the original fluid feed mixture.
摘要翻译： 本质上液体或气体的流体进料混合物可以进行气体富集分离过程。 该方法通过使混合物与混合基质膜的上游面接触来实现，该混合基质膜包含其中结合有固体颗粒吸附剂的有机聚合物，有机聚合物的渗透系数与吸附剂的渗透系数相适应。 从膜的下游面发出的渗透物包括流体产物混合物，其中相对于第二流体组分具有更大的稳态渗透性的进料混合物的第一流体组分的比例大于比例 存在于原始流体进料混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4397354A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-09
申请号：US389349
申请日：1982-06-19
IPC分类号： C08K3/34 , C08K5/01 , C09K8/502 , C09K8/516 , E21B33/138
摘要： The instant invention is directed to shear thickening fluids which comprise a water-swellable material (clay), present in a sufficient concentration so as to be capable of forming a stiff paste upon interaction with the water used, and water wherein the clay and water are kept separated by an intervening hydrocarbon-surfactant composition. The intervening oil phase prevents the interaction between the water and the clay phases and results in a stable, nonreacting, pumpable composite until such time as the oil envelope is ruptured by application of a sufficiently high shear force. Upon such rupture, the materials interact rapidly forming a semi-rigid stiff paste. Various well-control problems, such as oil and gas with blowouts, can be controlled by use of the above-described composite. The composite is pumped down the well pipe. Exiting the orifices of the drill bit or a nozzle supplies the shear force needed to rupture the oil envelope thereby permitting the interaction between the clay and the water resulting in the formation of a stiff paste which can stop or prevent unwanted flow in or near the wellbore.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及剪切增稠流体，其包含水溶胀性材料（粘土），其以足够的浓度存在，以便能够在与所用的水相互作用时形成刚性糊料，以及其中粘土和水是 通过中间的烃 - 表面活性剂组合物保持分离。 中间油相防止水和粘土相之间的相互作用，并导致稳定的，不反应的可泵送复合材料，直到通过施加足够高的剪切力使油封破裂的时间为止。 在这种破裂的情况下，材料相互作用迅速地形成半刚性刚性浆料。 可以通过使用上述复合材料来控制各种井控问题，例如具有井喷的油和气。 将复合材料从井管中抽出。 排出钻头或喷嘴的孔口提供破裂油包壳所需的剪切力，从而允许粘土和水之间的相互作用，导致形成刚性浆料，从而可以阻止或防止在井筒内或附近不必要的流动 。
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13.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4029744A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-14
申请号：US567623
申请日：1975-04-14
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
CPC分类号： B01D3/346 , B01D3/343 , B01D61/40 , C01B17/167 , C01B31/20 , C01C1/10 , C02F1/26 , C02F1/283
摘要： The salt of a weak acid and a weak base is removed from a solution by contacting said solution with an emulsion. Said emulsion comprises an exterior phase which is characterized as immiscible with said solution and permeable to the weak acid and/or weak base in their un-ionized forms. One of the species which can permeate through said exterior phase reacts with a reactant present in the interior phase of the emulsion which converts said permeating species to a non-permeable form, i.e., by neutralization, thus providing a continuing driving force for the permeation of said permeating species. The other nonreacting or nonpermeating species is stripped from solution by passing an inert gas through said solution. Stripping and neutralization in the interior phase of the emulsion are carried out simultaneously. By selection of the reactant present in the interior phase of the emulsion, the process of the instant invention may be designed to remove either the weak acid or the weak base in the interior phase of the emulsion. In a preferred embodiment, ammonium sulfide, dissolved in an aqueous solution, is removed from said aqueous solution by permeating ammonia through the exterior phase of an emulsion and neutralizing said ammonia in the interior phase wth an acidic reactant. Simultaneously, hydrogen sulfide is removed by steam stripping or air blowing of the aqueous solution.
摘要翻译： 通过使所述溶液与乳液接触，从溶液中除去弱酸和弱碱的盐。 所述乳液包括外相，其特征在于与所述溶液不混溶并且以非离子形式可渗透弱酸和/或弱碱。 可以渗透通过所述外部相的物质之一与存在于乳液的内相中的反应物反应，其将所述渗透物质转化为不可渗透的形式，即通过中和，从而提供持续的驱动力， 说渗透物种。 通过使惰性气体通过所述溶液，从溶液中除去其它非反应性或非渗透性物质。 在乳液的内相中的剥离和中和同时进行。 通过选择存在于乳液的内相中的反应物，本发明的方法可以设计成除去乳液的内相中的弱酸或弱碱。 在一个优选的实施方案中，溶解在水溶液中的硫化铵通过渗透氨通过乳液的外相从所述水溶液中除去，并在酸性反应物的内相中中和所述氨。 同时，通过汽提或空气吹制水溶液除去硫化氢。
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公开(公告)号：US4740219A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-26
申请号：US858321
申请日：1986-05-01
CPC分类号： B01D69/141 , B01D53/228
摘要： A fluid feed mixture, either liquid or gaseous in nature, may be subjected to a gas enrichment separation process. The process is effected by contacting the mixture with the upstream face of a mixed matrix membrane which comprises an organic polymer having a solid particulate adsorbent incorporated therein, the permeability coefficient of the organic polymer being compatible with the permeability coefficient of the adsorbent. The permeate which emanates from the downstream face of the membrane comprises a fluid product mixture in which the proportion of the first fluid component of the feed mixture, which possesses a greater steady state permeability in relation to the second fluid component, is greater than the proportion present in the original fluid feed mixture.
摘要翻译： 本质上液体或气体的流体进料混合物可以进行气体富集分离过程。 该方法通过使混合物与混合基质膜的上游面接触来实现，该混合基质膜包含其中结合有固体颗粒吸附剂的有机聚合物，有机聚合物的渗透系数与吸附剂的渗透系数相适应。 从膜的下游面发出的渗透物包括流体产物混合物，其中相对于第二流体组分具有更大的稳态渗透性的进料混合物的第一流体组分的比例大于比例 存在于原始流体进料混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4662433A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US645239
申请日：1984-08-29
申请人： Robert P. Cahn , Norman N. Li
发明人： Robert P. Cahn , Norman N. Li
IPC分类号： A41D13/005 , A47C21/04 , A47G9/02 , F25D17/02 , F28F7/00
CPC分类号： A47C21/048 , A41D13/005 , A47C21/044 , A47G9/0215 , F25D17/02 , Y10S165/05
摘要： The instant invention is a major energy saver in the form of a blanket which allows personal heat control, particularly cooling. More specifically, the blanket is provided with internal ducts through which a stable foam is circulated as a cooling fluid in such a way that the inside of the blanket facing the person being cooled is maintained at a temperature slightly below body temperature, while the outside of the blanket is insulated to minimize heat exchange with the environment. Compared to the use of a liquid as the circulating cooling fluid, foam is very light and thus minimizes the weight of the blanket, but it has better heat transfer properties and heat capacity than a gas. Cooling of the recirculating cooling fluid is done separate from the blanket in a refrigeration unit connected to the blanket by a feed and return duct. The refrigeration unit can operate by means of a heat pump, or use a stored refrigerant such as ice, or employ a continuous coolant, such as tap water. The integrity of the circulating foam is maintained by passing a certain fraction of the circulating fluid through a foam regeneration unit which both reconstitutes foam which has started to collapse and agglomerate, and regenerates foam which has completely broken when the unit is out of service for extended periods.
摘要翻译： 本发明是以毯子的形式的主要节能器，其允许个人热控制，特别是冷却。 更具体地说，毯子设置有内部管道，稳定的泡沫通过该内部管道作为冷却流体循环，使得面向被冷却的人的毯子的内部保持在稍低于体温的温度，而外部的 毯子绝缘，以尽量减少与环境的热交换。 与使用液体作为循环冷却流体相比，泡沫非常轻，从而使毯子的重量最小化，但是它具有比气体更好的传热性能和热容量。 循环冷却流体的冷却与通过进料和回流管连接到橡皮布的制冷单元中的橡皮布分离。 制冷单元可以通过热泵操作，或者使用诸如冰的储存的制冷剂，或者使用诸如自来水的连续冷却剂。 循环泡沫的完整性通过使一定比例的循环流体通过泡沫再生单元来维持，泡沫再生单元重新构成已经开始塌陷和聚集的泡沫，并且当单元停止使用时再生泡沫，其已经完全破裂 时期。
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公开(公告)号：US4419200A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US286874
申请日：1981-07-27
申请人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
发明人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
CPC分类号： C10G33/02 , B01D17/06 , B03C11/00 , B03C2201/02
摘要： An improved process for electrically coalescing water-in-oil emulsions in an AC electrical field, wherein the improvement comprises using insulated electrodes having a dielectric constant which is at least about 3 and having a hydrophobic surface in contact with the emulsion. This invention results in faster coalescense of the emulsion than can be obtained with insulated electrodes having a lower dielectric constant, even if the electrode-emulsion interface is hydrophobic. Formation of spongy emulsion and decomposition of the oil phase under the high voltages required for rapid coalescense is minimized and even eliminated.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在AC电场中电聚合油包水乳液的改进方法，其中所述改进包括使用具有至少约3的介电常数并且具有与乳液接触的疏水表面的绝缘电极。 本发明导致乳液的聚集速度比用电介质乳液界面是疏水性的具有较低介电常数的绝缘电极所得到的更快。 在快速聚结所需的高电压下，形成海绵状乳液和油相分解最小化甚至消除。
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公开(公告)号：US4014785A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-29
申请号：US620966
申请日：1975-10-09
摘要： The instant invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations, i.e., emulsions, which comprise an aqueous interior phase and a water-immiscible exterior phase; said water-immiscible exterior phase comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a solvent for this polymer. These compositions may additionally contain a water insoluble surfactant to stabilize the emulsions. In the most preferred embodiment, the aqueous interior phase comprises a strong acid, for example from about 1 to 10 percent by weight sulfuric acid. These emulsions are useful in liquid membrane processes for the separation of dissolved components from aqueous solution. Emulsions of the instant invention are characterized as showing very low swelling when contacted with aqueous solutions, especially at higher temperatures and thus are especially effective for use in the treatment of sour water feed streams by the liquid membrane technique.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新型液膜制剂，即乳液，其包含水性内相和水不混溶的外部相; 所述与水不混溶的外部相包含乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和用于该聚合物的溶剂。 这些组合物可另外含有水不溶性表面活性剂以稳定乳液。 在最优选的实施方案中，水性内相包含强酸，例如约1至10重量％的硫酸。 这些乳液可用于从水溶液中分离溶解组分的液膜方法。 本发明的乳液的特征在于当与水溶液接触时显示非常低的溶胀度，特别是在较高温度下，因此特别有效地用于通过液膜技术处理酸性水进料流。
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公开(公告)号：US4359391A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US83009
申请日：1979-10-09
CPC分类号： C09K8/92 , C09K8/36 , C09K8/502 , C09K8/72 , Y10S507/933
摘要： In a method of treating a subterranean formation, a well treatment composition comprising a dispersion of a water-in-oil emulsion in an aqueous medium is injected into the formation. The water-in-oil emulsion has an internal aqueous phase and an external phase containing a liquid hydrocarbon and a surfactant soluble in the hydrocarbon. The compositions can be designed to perform various well treatment applications including hydraulic fracturing and acidizing and can also be used to encapsulate or to transport well treatment materials and chemicals into the wellbore or formation. Treatment methods may also employ dispersions of a reactive simple or multiple emulsion. The distinct phases of the compositions may be selected to form treatment solutions upon mixing. Thus, improved acidizing may be achieved through an in situ reaction format.
摘要翻译： 在处理地层的方法中，将包含油包水乳液在水性介质中的分散体的井处理组合物注入到地层中。 油包水乳液具有内部水相和含有液体烃和可溶于烃的表面活性剂的外相。 组合物可以设计成执行各种井下处理应用，包括水力压裂和酸化，并且还可以用于将井处理材料和化学物质包封或输送到井筒或地层中。 处理方法还可以使用反应性简单或多重乳液的分散体。 可以选择组合物的不同阶段以在混合时形成处理溶液。 因此，可以通过原位反应形式实现改进的酸化。
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公开(公告)号：US4259189A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-31
申请号：US870806
申请日：1978-01-19
申请人： Norman N. Li
发明人： Norman N. Li
CPC分类号： B01D61/40 , B01F17/0042 , B01F17/0064 , Y10S516/07
摘要： This invention relates to emulsions containing a polyamine derivative as the sole surfactant and strengthening agent. The emulsions comprise an aqueous interior phase surrounded by an oily exterior phase which contains a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n for the polyisobutylene portion varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing nitrogen radicals, hydrogen and oxygen-containing nitrogen radicals, and alkyl radicals having up to 10 carbons, alkyl radicals having up to 10 carbons which contain nitrogen, oxygen or both, and mixtures of said polyamine derivatives.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及含有多胺衍生物作为唯一表面活性剂和增强剂的乳液。 所述乳液包含由油性外部相包围的水性内部相，其含有具有以下通式的多胺衍生物：其中，所述聚异丁烯部分的n为10至60，x为3至10，y为 由氢，含氢的氮基，氢和含氧的自由基以及具有至多10个碳的烷基组成的组，具有至多10个碳的烷基，其含有氮，氧或两者，以及所述多胺衍生物的混合物 。
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公开(公告)号：US4233165A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-11
申请号：US909139
申请日：1978-05-24
CPC分类号： C09K8/92 , C09K8/50 , C09K8/74 , Y10S507/902 , Y10S507/922 , Y10S507/933 , Y10S507/937
摘要： A method of treating a subterranean formation wherein a well treatment composition comprising a dispersion of a water-in-oil emulsion in an aqueous medium is injected into the formation. The water-in-oil emulsion has an internal aqueous phase and an external phase containing a liquid hydrocarbon and a surfactant soluble in the hydrocarbon. The compositions can be designed to perform various well treatment applications including hydraulic fracturing and acidizing and can also be used to encapsulate or transport well treatment materials and chemicals into the wellbore or formation.
摘要翻译： 一种处理地下地层的方法，其中将包含油包水乳液在水性介质中的分散体的井处理组合物注入到地层中。 油包水乳液具有内部水相和含有液体烃和可溶于烃的表面活性剂的外相。 该组合物可被设计成执行各种井下处理应用，包括水力压裂和酸化，并且还可用于将井处理材料和化学物质包封或运输到井筒或地层中。
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