Formation of lead-free perovskite film

    公开(公告)号:US10790096B2

    公开(公告)日:2020-09-29

    申请号:US15752947

    申请日:2016-09-07

    Abstract: A method of forming a Pb-free perovskite film is provided, the method based on vacuum evaporation and comprising: first depositing a first material comprising Sn halide on a substrate to form a first layer; second depositing a second material comprising organic halide to form a second layer on the first layer to obtain a sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate; and annealing the sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate. During the annealing, the first and second materials inter-diffuse and react to form the Pb-free perovskite film. The second layer is formed to cover the first layer so as to prevent the first layer from air exposure. The solar cell device including the Pb-free perovskite film formed by using the present method exhibits good stability.

    Doping engineered hole transport layer for perovskite-based device

    公开(公告)号:US10084145B2

    公开(公告)日:2018-09-25

    申请号:US15523500

    申请日:2015-11-05

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device is provided, the device comprising an active layer comprising organometal halide perovskite and a hole transport layer (HTL) formed by vacuum evaporation and configured to transport hole carriers. The HTL includes a first sublayer comprising a hole transport material (HTM) doped with an n-dopant and disposed adjacent to the active layer, a second sublayer comprising the HTM that is undoped and disposed adjacent to the first sublayer, and a third sublayer comprising the HTM doped with a p-dopant and disposed adjacent to the second sublayer. The doping concentration of the n-dopant for the n-doped sublayer is determined to match the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the n-doped sublayer with the valence band maximum energy level of the perovskite active layer.

    FORMATION OF LEAD-FREE PEROVSKITE FILM
    18.
    发明申请

    公开(公告)号:US20180247769A1

    公开(公告)日:2018-08-30

    申请号:US15752947

    申请日:2016-09-07

    Abstract: A method of forming a Pb-free perovskite film is provided, the method based on vacuum evaporation and comprising: first depositing a first material comprising Sn halide on a substrate to form a first layer; second depositing a second material comprising organic halide to form a second layer on the first layer to obtain a sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate; and annealing the sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate. During the annealing, the first and second materials inter-diffuse and react to form the Pb-free perovskite film. The second layer is formed to cover the first layer so as to prevent the first layer from air exposure. The solar cell device including the Pb-free perovskite film formed by using the present method exhibits good stability.

    SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETERMINING FORECAST ERROR FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FLUCTUATIONS

    公开(公告)号:US20180019595A1

    公开(公告)日:2018-01-18

    申请号:US15553117

    申请日:2016-02-23

    Inventor: Mahesh M. BANDI

    Abstract: A system for determining (a) forecast error and/or (b) scaling error for wind power generation is provided, the system utilizing generated and forecast time series for power generation derived from wind and analyzing temporal correlations in the wind fluctuations to quantify: (a) the forecast error defined by deviations between the high frequency components of the forecast and generated time series, and (b) a scaling error defined by a degree that temporal correlations fail to be predicted for an accurate predictor of wind fluctuations. Wind fluctuations may exhibit multi-fractal behavior at the turbine level and/or may be rectified to a fractal structure at the grid level. A memory kernel may be used to reduce the forecast and scaling errors.

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