公开(公告)号：US5087271A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-11

申请号：US615551

申请日：1990-11-19

Applicant: Robert J. Stellaccio ,  Michael M. Dach

Inventor： Robert J. Stellaccio ,  Michael M. Dach

IPC: C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: This process pertains to a achieving high on-stream time and maintaining the temperature and composition of the raw effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator being fed simultaneously with a stream of gaseous fuel and separate stream of liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel. Two parallel oxygen streams equipped with flow transmitters and control valves are used to supply the oxygen associated with two separate and different fuel streams. Each stream of oxygen is controlled by an O.sub.2 /fuel ratio control so that if the flow rate of either stream of fuel or its related oxygen stream changes, the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of the remaining O.sub.2 and fuel stream in the gasifier is maintained at a desired value. Further, if either fuel flow is stopped, its associated O.sub.2 flow will stop, but the remaining fuel stream and its associated O.sub.2 stream will continue to flow at the same rate with no change in the oxygen/fuel weight ratio. Complete shut down of the unit is thereby avoided. The quick raising of reactor temperatures to unsafe levels due to excess oxygen that occurs when one of the fuel streams is lost is thereby prevented.

Abstract translation: 该过程涉及实现高的流动时间并且保持来自部分氧化气体发生器的原料流出物气体的温度和组成与气态燃料流和单独的液体烃类燃料流同时进料。 配备有流量变送器和控制阀的两个平行的氧气流被用来供应与两个分离和不同燃料流相关联的氧气。 每个氧气流由O 2 /燃料比控制控制，使得如果燃料流或其相关氧气流的流量改变，则气化器中剩余的O 2和燃料流的氧/碳原子比保持在 一个所需的值。 此外，如果停止任一燃料流，则其相关联的O 2流将停止，但是剩余的燃料流及其相关联的O 2流将以相同的速率继续流动，而氧/燃料重量比没有变化。 从而避免了完全关闭设备。 因此防止了由于在其中一个燃料流流失时发生的过量的氧而将反应器温度迅速提高到不安全的水平。

公开(公告)号：US4839790A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-13

申请号：US105395

申请日：1987-10-05

Applicant: Tatsuo Fujimoto ,  Tsutomu Ohya

Inventor： Tatsuo Fujimoto ,  Tsutomu Ohya

IPC: F16K17/20 ,  F17D5/02

CPC classification number: F17D5/02 ,  F16K17/20 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: A gas accident preventive unit has a memory circuit which is capable of memorizing in advance a continuous service safety time according to a consumed gas volume of gas apparatuses that are installed at a gas user. The unit also includes a control circuit for sending out to an emergency shutoff valve, a close signal for cutting off the gas being supplied to the user in the event that any increase in gas flowrate is recognized in the previously measured value and the value measured this time by taking a measurement of the whole gas flowrate value being supplied to the gas user at a certain interval of time. The unit takes the measurement of continuous service hours on individual gas apparatuses or the gas apparatus having the largest gas consumption volume now under service, or responds to when the service of gas apparatus with the largest gas consumption volume being monitored has elapsed the continuous service safety time.

Abstract translation: 燃气事故预防单元具有记忆电路，其能够根据安装在燃气用户处的燃气装置的消耗气体量预先记录持续的服务安全时间。 该单元还包括用于发送到紧急截止阀的控制电路，用于在先前测量值中识别出气体流量的任何增加的情况下切断供给用户的气体的闭合信号，并且测量该值 通过以一定的时间间隔测量供应给燃气用户的整个气体流量值的时间。 该单位对已在使用中的最大气体消耗量的个别燃气设备或燃气设备进行连续工作时间的测量，或响应于当监测到具有最大气体消耗量的燃气设备的服务已经经过持续的服务安全 时间。

公开(公告)号：US4608059A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-26

申请号：US652760

申请日：1984-09-20

Applicant: Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke

Inventor： Hans Kupfer ,  Carl Hafke

IPC: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/16

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: The fuel constitutes a fixed bed in the reactor, which is provided in its lower portion with a rotating grate, which is adapted to be speed-controlled. The gasifying agents consisting of oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide are introduced through the rotating grate into the fixed bed. Under the action of the rotating grate the incombustible mineral constituents are delivered as solid ash to a lock chamber container. The speed of the rotating grate is controlled in dependence on the temperature in the lock chamber container. The speed will be decreased when the temperature in the lock chamber container exceeds a desired value, and increased when the temperature is too low. The desired temperature in the lock chamber container is taken into account as a range, which varies with time. The speed can be controlled by hand or can be automatically controlled with the aid of a computer. The rate at which oxygen as a gasifying agent is supplied to the reactor is also taken into account in the speed control.

Abstract translation: 燃料在反应器中构成固定床，其在其下部设置有适于进行速度控制的旋转炉排。 由氧，蒸汽和/或二氧化碳组成的气化剂通过旋转炉排引入固定床。 在旋转格栅的作用下，不可燃矿物成分作为固体灰分输送到锁室容器。 旋转炉排的速度根据锁室容器内的温度进行控制。 当锁室容器中的温度超过期望值时，速度将会降低，当温度过低时，速度会增加。 考虑到锁室容器中的期望温度作为随时间变化的范围。 速度可以手动控制，也可以通过电脑自动控制。 在速度控制中也考虑了将作为气化剂的氧气供应到反应器的速率。

公开(公告)号：US4479810A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-30

申请号：US422939

申请日：1982-09-24

Applicant: Charles P. Marion ,  William B. Crouch ,  Albert Brent ,  George N. Richter ,  Edward T. Child ,  Blake Reynolds

Inventor： Charles P. Marion ,  William B. Crouch ,  Albert Brent ,  George N. Richter ,  Edward T. Child ,  Blake Reynolds

IPC: C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/466 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: A partial oxidation control system for continuously producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas in which one process fuel is replaced by a different fuel without shutting down or depressurizing the gas generator. Suitable burners for introducing the feedstreams into the gas generator comprise a central conduit means radially spaced from a concentric coaxial outer conduit having a downstream exit nozzle, and providing a coaxial annular passage means therebetween. The central conduit means may be retracted upstream from the burner face a distance of about 0 to 12 and preferably 3 to 10 times the minimum diameter of the central exit orifice. A premix zone is preferably provided comprising one or more, say 2 to 5 coaxial chambers in series where substantial mixing of the reactant streams and optionally volatilization of the slurry medium takes place. A control system is provided for switching the type of reactant fuel stream flowing through either the central conduit means or the annular passage means of the burner and adjusting the flow rates of the reactant stream of free-oxygen containing gas with or without mixture with a temperature moderator and if necessary to introduce supplemental H.sub.2 O into the reaction zone to maintain the temperature and weight ratio H.sub.2 O/fuel in the reaction zone at design conditions for the partial oxidation reaction without stopping production of the product gas.

Abstract translation: 用于连续生产合成气，燃料气体或还原气体的部分氧化控制系统，其中一个处理燃料由不同的燃料代替，而不关闭或减压气体发生器。 用于将进料流引入气体发生器的合适的燃烧器包括与具有下游出口喷嘴的同心同轴外管径向间隔开的中心管道装置，并在其间提供同轴的环形通道装置。 中心导管装置可以从燃烧器表面的上游缩回到中心出口孔的最小直径的约0至12的距离，优选地为3至10倍。 优选地提供包含一个或多个，例如2至5个同轴室的预混合区，其中基本上混合反应物流并任选地使浆料介质挥发。 提供了一种控制系统，用于切换流过燃烧器的中心管道装置或环形通道装置的反应物燃料流的类型，并调节具有或不具有温度的混合物的含游离氧气体的反应物流的流速 并且如果需要，将补充的H 2 O引入反应区，以在设计条件下保持反应区中的H 2 O /燃料在部分氧化反应中的温度和重量比，而不停止产生产物气体。

公开(公告)号：US4474582A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-02

申请号：US475994

申请日：1983-03-16

Applicant: Roger M. Dille ,  Leigh R. Middleton ,  Albert Brent ,  Allen M. Robin

Inventor： Roger M. Dille ,  Leigh R. Middleton ,  Albert Brent ,  Allen M. Robin

IPC: C01B3/36

CPC classification number: C01B3/36 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fractions of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and H.sub.2 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone. The actual temperature is determined as a function of the methane equilibrium constant. These values are automatically compared with set point values and when adjustments are necessary, signals from the system control unit are provided to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the free-oxygen containing gas by a small determined amount for control of the particulate carbon and/or to a flow rate regulating means which adjusts the flow rate of the temperature moderator by a small determined amount for control of the temperature in the reaction zone.

Abstract translation: 用于生产合成气，还原气体或燃料气体的部分氧化气体发生器的修整控制是通过分别或按顺序自动操作的两种改进的控制方案实现的。 控制系统包括感测进料流和分析仪的流量的传感器，其提供对应于重量的信号。 流出气体淬火中的碳％冷却和洗涤用于控制流出物气体中的颗粒碳的水，和/或对应于冷却和清洁的CO 2，CH 4，CO和H 2（干基）的摩尔分数的信号 用于控制反应区温度的废气流。 来自传感器和分析仪的信号被提供给系统控制单元，该系统控制单元计算表示反应区域中实际和所需碳源和/或实际温度之间的相对差值的值，以及实际和期望碳 反应区温度。 确定实际温度作为甲烷平衡常数的函数。 这些值自动与设定值进行比较，当需要进行调整时，来自系统控制单元的信号被提供给流量调节装置，该装置调节含游离氧气体的流量用于控制 颗粒碳和/或流量调节装置，其调节温度调节剂的流量小于确定的量以控制反应区中的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4453949A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-12

申请号：US473308

申请日：1983-03-08

Applicant: George E. Fasching ,  John R. Rotunda

Inventor： George E. Fasching ,  John R. Rotunda

IPC: C10J3/42

CPC classification number: C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: An ash level control system is provided which incorporates an ash level meter to automatically control the ash bed level of a coal gasifier at a selected level. The ash level signal from the ash level meter is updated during each cycle that a bed stirrer travels up and down through the extent of the ash bed level. The ash level signal is derived from temperature measurements made by thermocouples carried by the stirrer as it passes through the ash bed and into the fire zone immediately above the ash bed. The level signal is compared with selected threshold level signal to determine if the ash level is above or below the selected level once each stirrer cycle. A first counter is either incremented or decremented accordingly. The registered count of the first counter is preset in a down counter once each cycle and the preset count is counted down at a selected clock rate. A grate drive is activated to rotate a grate assembly supporting the ash bed for a period equal to the count down period to maintain the selected ash bed level.In order to avoid grate binding, the controller provides a short base operating duration time each stirrer cycle. If the ash bed level drops below a selected low level or exceeds a selected high level, means are provided to notify the operator.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种灰度控制系统，其包括灰度计，以自动控制煤气化炉处于选定水平的灰床水平。 在每个循环期间，来自灰分计的灰度信号被更新，床搅拌器在灰床水平的范围内上下移动。 灰分信号来自于当搅拌器通过灰床并进入灰床正上方的防火区时由热电偶进行的温度测量。 将电平信号与所选择的阈值电平信号进行比较，以确定每个搅拌器循环之后灰度是否高于或低于选定水平。 第一个计数器相应地递增或递减。 第一个计数器的注册计数器在每个周期内预设在递减计数器中，并且预设计数以选定的时钟速率递减计数。 启动格栅驱动器以使支撑灰床的炉排组件旋转一段等于倒计时周期的时间段，以保持所选择的灰床水平。 为了避免炉排结合，控制器在每个搅拌器循环中提供短的碱基操作持续时间。 如果灰床水平低于所选低水位或超过选定的高水位，则提供手段以通知操作者。

公开(公告)号：US08080070B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-20

申请号：US12429224

申请日：2009-04-24

Applicant: Bhadra S. Grover

Inventor： Bhadra S. Grover

IPC: C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/22 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C01B3/384 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/043 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/065 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  Y10S48/10 ,  Y10S423/05 ,  Y10S423/06

Abstract: A method of hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons for syngas production is presented. A hydrogenation feed reactor stream is introduced into a hydrogenation reactor, thereby producing a reformer feed stream. The reformer feed stream is introduced into a reformer, thereby producing a crude syngas stream. The crude syngas stream is introduced into a water gas shift converter, thereby producing a hydrogen-rich stream. The hydrogen-rich stream is separated in a separation means, thereby producing a carbon dioxide-rich stream and a hydrogen product stream. At least a portion of the hydrogen product stream is combined with a refinery fuel gas stream, and a natural gas stream, to form the hydrogenation reactor feed stream.

Abstract translation: 提出了合成气生产中不饱和烃氢化方法。 将氢化进料反应器流引入氢化反应器中，从而产生重整器进料流。 将重整器进料流引入重整器中，从而产生粗合成气流。 将粗合成气流引入水煤气变换器，从而产生富氢流。 富氢流在分离装置中分离，从而产生富二氧化碳流和氢产物流。 将氢产物流的至少一部分与炼油厂燃料气流和天然气流组合以形成氢化反应器进料流。

公开(公告)号：US5094669A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US579456

申请日：1990-09-07

Applicant: Peter Herbert ,  Gerhard Schmitt

Inventor： Peter Herbert ,  Gerhard Schmitt

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: In a rotary-grate gas producer operated under a pressure from 10 to 100 bars, the fuel constitutes a fixed bed, which slow descends. The mixture of gasifying agents contains water vapor and oxygen is supplied to the fixed bed through a rotary grate and through an ash layer, which is disposed on the rotary grate. In order to ensure that the ash will have a particle size in a desired range, a first pressure (p1) is measured below the rotary grate and a second pressure (p2) is measured approximately at the top of the ash layer. The pressure difference (p1-p2) is compared with a setpoint, which is associated with the current ratio of water vapor to oxygen in the mixture of gasifying agent. Said ratio is increased when the pressure difference is insufficient and the ratio is decreased if the pressure difference is excessive.

Abstract translation: 在10至100巴的压力下运行的旋转式炉排气体生产商中，燃料构成了一个固定的床，其缓慢下降。 气化剂的混合物含有水蒸汽，氧气通过旋转炉排和通过布置在旋转炉排上的灰分层供应到固定床。 为了确保灰分具有所需范围的粒度，在旋转炉排下方测量第一压力（p1），并且大约在灰层顶部测量第二压力（p2）。 将压力差（p1-p2）与设定点进行比较，该设定值与气化剂混合物中水蒸气与氧气的当前比例相关。 当压力差不足时，所述比例增加，如果压力差过大则比例降低。

公开(公告)号：US4851013A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US138777

申请日：1987-12-29

Applicant: Hans-Wolfgang Luke

Inventor： Hans-Wolfgang Luke

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/86

CPC classification number: C10J3/86 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/1687 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: A process for monitoring the conditions in the reaction zone of a gasifier in a process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by continual or periodic calculation of the rate of steam production by the heat exchange system of the gasifier, and comparison of the calculated rate with a pre-selected value.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于监测煤气化煤气化炉生产合成气的过程中气化炉反应区条件的方法，该方法的特征在于连续或周期性地计算出热交换系统产生的蒸汽速率 气化器，并将计算出的速率与预选值进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US4705535A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-10

申请号：US839252

申请日：1986-03-13

Applicant: Charles W. Lipp

Inventor： Charles W. Lipp

IPC: B05B7/04 ,  B05B7/08 ,  B05B12/08 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/68

CPC classification number: C10J3/723 ,  B05B12/085 ,  B05B7/0433 ,  B05B7/0861 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  Y10S261/38 ,  Y10S48/07 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-fluid nozzle which is adjustable to provide a substantially constant mixing energy. Adjustment of the two-fluid nozzle is made in accordance with the pressure and mass flow values of the liquid and gas fed to the nozzle. A microprocessor calculates the mixing energy from these values and provides an output to the nozzle to adjust it should its mixing energy be in variance with a pre-selected mixing energy.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种双流体喷嘴，其可调节以提供基本恒定的混合能量。 根据供给喷嘴的液体和气体的压力和质量流量值，进行双流体喷嘴的调整。 微处理器根据这些值计算混合能量，并向喷嘴提供输出，以便如果其混合能量与预先选择的混合能量不同，则进行调整。