Abstract:
A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A chlorine dioxide generator comprising a primary vessel and a canister which is attached to a receptacle at the bottom of the primary vessel and functions as a reaction vessel. A signal is generated to indicate when the canister is securely in place and a solenoid rod locks the canister in position until a chlorine dioxide reaction goes to completion. To start the reaction, water fills a priming chamber and solution chamber of the primary vessel, the priming chamber being located in an upper portion of the primary vessel, and an air pump forces a predetermined portion of water from the priming chamber via a feed line through a grommet at the top of the canister to a chemical reaction chamber of the canister along with a continuous air flow. The water from the feed line contacts precursor chemicals within the canister and chlorine dioxide gas is generated which passes through a gas flow chamber and into the primary vessel via a gas membrane valve.
Abstract:
A reactor including a rotatable disc (3) having a surface (5) onto which reactant (15) is supplied by way of a feed (4). The disc (3) is rotated at high speed, and the reactant (15) spills over the surface (5) so as to form a film (17). The surface (5) is provided with features to enhance its surface area, such as a metal mesh (60), thereby helping to increase the residence time of the reactant (15) on the surface (5) and to help mixing.
Abstract:
A thin film manufacturing system, wherein a stage for placing a substrate thereon is disposed within a vacuum reactor and a gas head for supplying a film forming gas to a central area on a top face of the vacuum reactor is arranged so that the gas head is opposed to the stage. A cylindrical sleeve member is disposed and comes in close contact with a side wall of the stage to surround a periphery of the stage. The height of the stage can be established at the position where the volume of a second space formed below the stage and connected to a vacuum discharge means is larger than that of a first space formed above the stage, in such a manner that an exhaust gas is isotropically discharged from the first space without causing any convection current therein through the interstice between the sleeve member and an inner wall surface constituting the reactor.
Abstract:
A process vessel (2) is for achieving contact between at least one fluid passing through the vessel (2) and a packing material contained therein. The process vessel (2) has a peripheral wall (8) disposed around a longitudinal axis, an inlet for permitting entry of fluid into the vessel and an outlet for permitting the exit of fluid from the vessel. A redistributor (4) is located within the vessel (2) and the redistributor (4) follows a locus (3) which extends around the inside surface (10) of the peripheral wall (8). The locus (3) is neither perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis and is preferably spiral or helical.
Abstract:
Processess and apparatus are provided to generate and use continuous and controlled liquid film for industrial and commercial applications requiring fluid-liquid contacts. In one version, a housing has a bottom and a tray mounted therein. The tray separates an upper section for holding liquid from a lower section for liquid-fluid interaction. Uniformly spaced, thin, straight film guides in close proximity extend downwardly from the tray towards the bottom. A narrow slit is formed in the tray along each line of film guides for enabling liquid in the upper section to flow to the lower section in the form of a flowing liquid curtain. The fluid can be a gas entering and exiting the housing through ports provided therein. In a preferred embodiment, a vertically extending tubular member is mounted centrally within several closed loops of film guides and extends through the tray. An adjustable sleeve is mounted on top of the tubular member and the tops of the film guides are secured to this sleeve. The invention may be used in a liquid-gas contacting column that comprises an upright vessel with a liquid inlet at the top and liquid outlet in a bottom portion. A series of trays are mounted one above the other in the vessel.
Abstract:
The present invention includes an isoparaffin:olefin alkylation process and apparatus in which liquid acid inventory is reduced and temperature control is improved by reacting the isoparaffin:olefin feed with a thin film of liquid acid catalyst supported on a heat exchange surface.
Abstract:
A catalyst for gas/liquid reactions, characterized by having a sheet or film-form water-repellent porous carrier having gas permeability and liquid impermeability and a catalytically active component supported on at least one surface of said carrier.
Abstract:
A liquid distribution system for chemical engineering apparatuses comprises a liquid dividing means and an apertured distribution plate disposed below the liquid dividing means. The peripheries of the apertures in the plate are raised with respect to the surface of the plate.The liquid dividing means may comprise elements such that the liquid flows along an inclined wall to the periphery of the apertured plate and the peripheries of the holes of the plate are raised with respect to its surface, e.g. by using tubes or bar members above the surface or grooves in the surface. The raised portions are provided with grooves or apertures.This system is particularly suitable for absorbers of falling film, block or tube type, and for filled columns.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a multiple phase flow tube for evaporating and reacting components in compound mixtures in which a spiral pipe is arranged within a multiple phase flow pipe. The components are propelled by means of an internally flowing gas stream in an annular shaped passage formed by a spiral tube and a second tube arranged as a core of the spiral tube. The second tube contains a heat exchange medium. The spiral tube is arranged within a cylindrical casing which contains a heat exchange medium. A gaseous stream of a reduced amount is then sufficient for carrying out the particular chemical process desired.