公开(公告)号：US4745446A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-17

申请号：US61006

申请日：1987-06-10

Applicant: Julian Cheng ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Julian Cheng ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L27/06 ,  H01L27/144 ,  H01L29/80

CPC classification number: H01L27/1443 ,  H01L27/0605

Abstract: Various integrated device structures are described which incorporate novel substrate materials and channel confinement schemes. For example, devices are described for p-type substrates and novel buffer layers. Such substrates are easier to grow and provide good isolation and low-trap density at the interface between substrate and buffer layer.

Abstract translation: 描述了结合新颖的基板材料和通道限制方案的各种集成器件结构。 例如，描述了用于p型衬底和新型缓冲层的器件。 这样的基底更容易生长，并且在衬底和缓冲层之间的界面处提供良好的隔离和低陷阱密度。

公开(公告)号：US4511445A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-16

申请号：US389776

申请日：1982-06-18

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Martin L. Kaplan ,  Paul H. Schmidt ,  Thirumalai N. C. Venkatesan

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Martin L. Kaplan ,  Paul H. Schmidt ,  Thirumalai N. C. Venkatesan

IPC: H01B1/04 ,  H01L21/28 ,  H01L21/3205 ,  H01L23/52 ,  H01L23/532 ,  H05K3/10 ,  B01J19/08 ,  H01L29/28

CPC classification number: H01L23/532 ,  H01L21/32051 ,  H05K3/105 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y10T428/31504 ,  Y10T428/31649

Abstract: The conductivity of a wide range of carbon-containing materials is substantially increased by irradiation with particles having an atomic mass of at least 1. Both polymeric and nonpolymeric, organic and inorganic, materials can be used. The particulate irradiation, for example an ion beam, substantially breaks down the material to a form that includes amorphous carbon having unusually high conductivity. Resistivities of less than 10.sup.-3 ohm-cm are possible. When applied as a film on a substrate, the irradiated material can be used for device interconnects. Conducting lines can be produced in the film, as well as vertical contacts through the film.

Abstract translation: 通过用原子质量至少为1的颗粒进行照射，可大大增加各种含碳材料的电导率。可以使用聚合物和非聚合物，有机和无机材料。 颗粒物照射，例如离子束，基本上将材料分解成包括非常高导电性的无定形碳的形式。 小于10-3欧姆 - 厘米的电阻率是可能的。 当作为薄膜涂覆在基材上时，照射的材料可用于器件互连。 可以在膜中产生导线，以及通过膜的垂直接触。

公开(公告)号：US11211559B2

公开(公告)日：2021-12-28

申请号：US13273753

申请日：2011-10-14

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter ,  Jun Y. Lee ,  Kyoung S. Yook ,  Soon O. Jeon ,  Byung D. Chin

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter ,  Jun Y. Lee ,  Kyoung S. Yook ,  Soon O. Jeon ,  Byung D. Chin

IPC: H01L51/44 ,  H01L51/00 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/42

Abstract: There is disclosed ultrathin film material templating layers that force the morphology of subsequently grown electrically active thin films have been found to increase the performance of small molecule organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. There is disclosed electron-transporting material, such as hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) can be used as a templating material that forces donor materials, such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to assume a vertical-standing morphology when deposited onto its surface on an electrode, such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. It has been shown that for a device with HAT-CN as the templating buffer layer, the fill factor and short circuit current of CuPc:C60 OPVs were both improved compared with cells lacking the HAT-CN template. This is explained by the reduction of the series resistance due to the improved crystallinity of CuPc grown onto the ITO surface.

公开(公告)号：US10263186B2

公开(公告)日：2019-04-16

申请号：US12843949

申请日：2010-07-27

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Ning Li

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Ning Li

IPC: H01L51/00 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/42

Abstract: A method of making a bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell by glancing angle deposition. As the disclosed method relies on a trajectory of incident vapor flux that is not parallel to the substrate normal, micro and nano-scale columnar structures of thin films can be grown on the substrate. There is also disclosed a method of forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction by depositing at least one additional organic material over the columnar structures.

公开(公告)号：US09768402B2

公开(公告)日：2017-09-19

申请号：US13080759

申请日：2011-04-06

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Guodan Wei ,  Siyi Wang

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Guodan Wei ,  Siyi Wang

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/42

CPC classification number: H01L51/4253 ,  H01L51/0028 ,  H01L51/4273 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A method of preparing a bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell through combinations of thermal and solvent vapor annealing are described. Bulk heterojunction films may prepared by known methods such as spin coating, and then exposed to one or more vaporized solvents and thermally annealed in an effort to enhance the crystalline nature of the photoactive materials.

公开(公告)号：US20150236287A1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-20

申请号：US14429929

申请日：2013-09-26

Applicant: Stephen R. FORREST ,  Mark E. THOMPSON

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson

IPC: H01L51/42

CPC classification number: H01L31/055 ,  H01L31/02322 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0058 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/4213 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising two electrodes, an inorganic subcell positioned between the two electrodes, wherein the inorganic subcell comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor material having a band gap energy (EG), and an organic sensitizing window layer disposed on the inorganic subcell. In one aspect, the organic sensitizing window layer comprises a singlet fission material. In another aspect, the organic sensitizing window layer comprises a singlet fission host and a phosphorescent emitter dopant, where the singlet fission host exhibits an excitation triplet energy (ET-SF) greater than or equal to an excitation triplet energy (ET-PE) exhibited by the phosphorescent emitter dopant.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种光敏光电器件，其包括两个电极，位于两个电极之间的无机子电池，其中该无机子电池包括至少一个具有带隙能量（EG）的无机半导体材料，以及设置在 无机子电池。 一方面，有机增感窗层包含单重裂变材料。 另一方面，有机增感窗层包括单重裂变主体和磷光发射体掺杂剂，其中单重裂变主体表现出大于或等于激发三重态能量（ET-PE）的激发三重态能量（ET-SF） 通过磷光发射体掺杂剂。

公开(公告)号：US09113535B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-18

申请号：US12985439

申请日：2011-01-06

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Viacheslav Diev ,  Kenneth Hanson ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Viacheslav Diev ,  Kenneth Hanson ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: C07D487/22 ,  H05B33/10 ,  C09B47/00 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/0092 ,  C07D487/22 ,  C07D495/22 ,  C09B47/00 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1011 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/188 ,  H01L51/0026 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/442 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H05B33/10 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A compound that can be used as a donor material in organic photovoltaic devices comprising a non-activated porphyrin fused with one or more non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or one or more non-activated heterocyclic rings can be obtained by a thermal fusion process. The compounds can include structures of Formula I: By heating the reaction mixture of non-activated porphyrins with non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings to a fusion temperature and holding for a predetermined time, fusion of one or more polycyclic rings or heterocyclic rings to the non-activated porphyrin core in meso,β fashion is achieved resulting in hybrid structures containing a distorted porphyrin ring with annulated aromatic rings. The porphyrin core can be olygoporphyrins.

Abstract translation: 可以通过热熔融方法获得可用作有机光伏器件中的供体材料的化合物，其包含与一种或多种未活化多环芳环或一种或多种未活化杂环稠合的未活化卟啉。 化合物可以包括式I的结构：通过将非活化卟啉与非活化多环芳环或杂环的反应混合物加热至融合温度并保持预定时间，一个或多个多环或杂环的融合 到内消旋的非活化卟啉核心 实现了时尚，导致包含具有环状芳环的失真卟啉环的杂化结构。 卟啉核可以是o卟啉。

公开(公告)号：US08815411B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-26

申请号：US12257638

申请日：2008-10-24

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark Thompson ,  Noel Giebink

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark Thompson ,  Noel Giebink

IPC: H01L51/54 ,  C09K11/06 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/00 ,  C07F15/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/5028 ,  C07F15/0033 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1059 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: Novel combination of materials and device architectures for organic light emitting devices is provided. An organic light emitting device, is provided, having an anode, a cathode, and an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emissive layer includes a host and a phosphorescent emissive dopant having a peak emissive wavelength less than 500 nm, and a radiative phosphorescent lifetime less than 1 microsecond. Preferably, the phosphorescent emissive dopant includes a ligand having a carbazole group.

Abstract translation: 提供了有机发光器件的材料和器件结构的新颖组合。 提供了一种有机发光器件，其具有阳极，阴极和布置在阳极和阴极之间的发光层。 发射层包括具有小于500nm的峰值发射波长的主体和磷光发光掺杂剂，以及小于1微秒的辐射磷光寿命。 优选地，磷光发光掺杂剂包括具有咔唑基团的配体。

公开(公告)号：US08654806B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-18

申请号：US13446928

申请日：2012-04-13

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yifan Zhang

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Yifan Zhang

IPC: H01S3/14 ,  H01S5/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/36 ,  H01S3/168 ,  H01S5/041 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/183

Abstract: A first device is provided. The device includes an organic semiconductor laser. The organic semiconductor laser further includes an optical cavity and an organic layer disposed within the optical cavity. The organic layer includes: an organic host compound; an organic emitting compound capable of fluorescent emission; and an organic dopant compound. The organic dopant compound may also be referred to herein as a “triplet manager.” The triplet energy of the organic dopant compound is lower than or equal to the triplet energy of the organic host compound. The triplet energy of the organic dopant compound is lower than or equal to the triplet energy of the organic emitting compound. The singlet energy of the organic emitting compound is lower than or equal to the singlet energy of the organic host compound.

Abstract translation: 提供第一个设备。 该器件包括有机半导体激光器。 有机半导体激光器还包括光腔和设置在光腔内的有机层。 有机层包括：有机主体化合物; 能够进行荧光发射的有机发光性化合物; 和有机掺杂剂化合物。 有机掺杂剂化合物在本文中也可称为“三线态管理器”。 有机掺杂剂化合物的三线态能量低于或等于有机主体化合物的三线态能量。 有机掺杂剂化合物的三重态能量低于或等于有机发光化合物的三线态能量。 有机发光化合物的单线态能量低于或等于有机主体化合物的单线态能。

公开(公告)号：US20130293082A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-07

申请号：US13465942

申请日：2012-05-07

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kevin Bergemann

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Kevin Bergemann

IPC: H01J7/24 ,  H01J9/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/524 ,  H01L51/529 ,  Y10T29/49002

Abstract: An electrically powered light source can be constructed with an electroluminescent element operating essentially at room temperature while providing a useful amount of light. A thermal junction located between an OLED and a cover layer of an OLED device is configured to advantageously manage the steady-state temperature of the OLED. The thermal junction may be formed with a thermal resistance of 0.2 m2·K/W or less. A distance across the junction may be 2 mm or less, and/or the junction may include a layer of material having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W/m·K or greater.

Abstract translation: 电动光源可以用基本上在室温下工作的电致发光元件构成，同时提供有用量的光。 位于OLED和OLED器件的覆盖层之间的热连接器配置成有利地管理OLED的稳态温度。 热接点可以形成为0.2m 2·K / W以下的热阻。 穿过接头的距离可以是2mm或更小，和/或接合处可以包括具有0.1W / m·K以上的导热率的材料层。