Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of estimating symbol synchronization for an Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) demodulator applicable to a Zigbee receiver. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of recovering symbol synchronization of an OQPSK demodulator in which a reference correlation value is reset using a correlation value of a reception signal when detecting symbol synchronization in the OQPSK demodulator, preventing errors in detecting symbol synchronization due to noise, thereby increasing the accuracy in symbol synchronization.
Abstract:
In a capacitor having a high dielectric constant, the capacitor includes a cylindrical lower electrode, a dielectric layer and an upper electrode. A metal oxide layer is formed on inner, top and outer surfaces of the lower electrode as the dielectric layer. A first sub-electrode is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer along the profile of the lower electrode and a second sub-electrode is continuously formed on the first sub-electrode corresponding to the top surface of the lower electrode, so an opening portion of the lower electrode is covered with the second sub-electrode. The first and second sub-electrodes include first and second metal nitride layers in which first and second stresses are applied, respectively. Directions of the first and second stresses are opposite to each other. Accordingly, cracking is minimized in the upper electrode with the high dielectric constant, thereby reducing current leakage.
Abstract:
Methods of forming a storage capacitor include forming an interlayer insulation layer having an opening therethrough on a semiconductor substrate, forming a contact plug in the opening, forming a molding oxide layer on the interlayer insulation layer and the contact plug, selectively removing portions of the molding oxide layer to form a recess above the contact plug, forming a titanium layer on a bottom surface and side surfaces of the recess, forming a titanium nitride layer on the titanium layer, and forming a titanium oxide nitride layer on the titanium nitride layer. A storage capacitor includes a semiconductor substrate, an interlayer insulation layer having a contact plug therein on the substrate, and a storage electrode on the contact plug including a titanium silicide layer, a titanium nitride layer on the titanium silicide layer, and a titanium oxide nitride layer on the titanium nitride layer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of estimating symbol synchronization for an Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) demodulator applicable to a Zigbee receiver. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of recovering symbol synchronization of an OQPSK demodulator in which a reference correlation value is reset using a correlation value of a reception signal when detecting symbol synchronization in the OQPSK demodulator, preventing errors in detecting symbol synchronization due to noise, thereby increasing the accuracy in symbol synchronization.
Abstract:
A word line enable timing determination circuit of a memory device and method of determining word line enable timing in a memory device may be configured to adjust enable timing at which to activate a word line for at least one read/write command input to the memory device. This may be based on whether the memory device is performing a hidden refresh operation. In an example, and when a read/write command is input to the memory device, a word line for the read/write command may be activated after a first delay if the memory device is not executing a hidden refresh operation. Otherwise, a word line for the read/write command is activated after a second delay.
Abstract:
An optical data storage medium comprises a super-resolution (SR) layer consisting of thermoelectric material, said SR layer having light absorption, transmittance and reflectance at the wavelength of an incident light and maintaining a crystalline single phase without a structural or chemical change below the melting temperature of the material. SR readout of data from and/or SR writing of data onto the medium is carried out by way of thermoelectrically induced optical changes within a local area of the SR layer under laser irradiation.
Abstract:
A word line enable timing determination circuit of a memory device and method of determining word line enable timing in a memory device may be configured to adjust enable timing at which to activate a word line for at least one read/write command input to the memory device. This may be based on whether the memory device is performing a hidden refresh operation. In an example, and when a read/write command is input to the memory device, a word line for the read/write command may be activated after a first delay if the memory device is not executing a hidden refresh operation. Otherwise, a word line for the read/write command is activated after a second delay.
Abstract:
A refresh operation in a PSRAM device to hidden-refresh an internal memory cell by using a refresh pulse signal may be controlled by forming a dummy duration for the refresh operation in a read/write cycle, reducing the dummy duration when the refresh pulse signal is not generated, and delaying the read/write cycle until the refresh operation is completed, when the refresh pulse signal is generated. The dummy duration may be reduced by a given amount during a period in which the refresh operation is not being performed, while the dummy duration may be increased in period of time subject to the refresh operation.
Abstract:
A common power control channel transmission device for a base station in a CDMA communication system is provided having a selector for receiving power control commands to be transmitted to multiple subscribers and multiplexing the received power control commands; and a spreading modulator for spreading an output of the selector by multiplying the output of the selector by a spreading sequence. The common power control channel transmission device can be used to control power of a reverse link common channel. For the power control of the reverse link common channel, the base station receives a signal from a mobile station via the reverse link common channel, and transmits to the mobile station a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the reverse link common channel according to a measured strength of the received signal.
Abstract:
A process for producing a distilled ethanol product comprising an antioxidant component and an ethanol component is described. In the process, plant matter containing antioxidants is washed, frozen and exposed to an input volume of ethanol. Antioxidants are ethanolically extracted from the frozen plant matter. The plant matter and the liquid ethanol fractions are then separated and the plant matter having antioxidants extracted therefrom is used to produce ethanol which is subsequently used to extract antioxidants from a second batch of plant matter. The ethanol fraction having antioxidants therein is stored or diluted for later use.