摘要:
A semiconductor laser device includes a semiconductor laser, a signal generating circuit, a modulation circuit and a drive circuit. The semiconductor laser has an active layer including at least two light-emitting layers having different energy levels. A high-frequency signal having a predetermined frequency is generated by the signal generating circuit. The signal width of the high-frequency signal is modulated by the modulation circuit in accordance with an information signal. The semiconductor laser is driven by the drive circuit in accordance with the signal modulated by the modulation circuit.
摘要:
A semiconductor laser element of which oscillation wavelength is variable at a wide range has a high operative efficiency. It comprises a substrate; a first light emitting layer provided on said substrate and including a resonance cavity, said first light emitting layer permitting the ground energy level and at least one high-order energy level; a second light emitting layer provided on said substrate and including a resonance cavity, said second light emitting layer permitting at least the ground energy level, the band gap of the ground energy level of said second light emitting layer being wider than that of the ground energy level of said first light emitting layer, and one of the band gaps of the high-order energy levels of the first light emitting layer being substantially equal to the band gap of the ground energy level of the second light emitting layer; a barrier layer disposed between said first light emitting layer and said second light emitting layer, said barrier layer having its band gap wider than those of said first and second light emitting layers; a pair of clad layers sandwiching therebetween said barrier layer and said first and second light emitting layers, said clad layers having lower refractive index than those of said first and second light emitting layers; and electrode means for injecting carrier into said first and second light emitting layers. Also disclosed is a driving method for the semiconductor laser element.
摘要:
Provided is an actuator simultaneously having better deformation response characteristics and larger generative force. The actuator includes a pair of opposing electrodes and an intermediate layer disposed therebetween. The intermediate layer contains at least an electrolyte and includes at least a polymer fiber layer. The polymer fiber layer includes a plurality of polymer fibers crossing each other and intertwined three-dimensionally. The polymer fiber layer has fused portions at intersections of the polymer fibers.
摘要:
An actuator with a sensor, including an actuator having electrodes and an ionic conduction layer, a sensor and a rigid body member provided in contact with the sensor. The actuator is connected to the sensor through the rigid body member such that the sensor is not deformed attending on deformation of the actuator.
摘要:
A difference is arisen in the electric potential of the electrode layer between a fixed end portion and a displacement end portion of an actuator. The electrode layer includes a bundle of polymer fibers containing a conductive material. Longitudinal directions of the polymer fibers are arranged parallel to a direction from the fixed portion to the displacement end portion of the actuator.
摘要:
An actuator includes a first bending portion having a first electrode layer, a first electrolyte layer on a first surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer in contact with the first electrolyte layer; and a second bending portion having the first electrode layer, a second electrolyte layer on a second surface of the first electrode layer, the second surface facing the first surface, and a third electrode layer in contact with the second electrolyte layer, in which the first surface of the first electrode layer includes a region where the first electrolyte layer is not arranged, the second surface of the first electrode layer includes a region where the second electrolyte layer is not arranged, the first bending portion is adjacent to the second bending portion, and the bending direction of the first bending portion is opposite to the bending direction of the second bending portion.
摘要:
Provided is an actuator which has high degree of integration and can reduce a difference of the developed force depending on a direction of displacement, and obtain a substantially uniform developed force over all directions. The actuator including a laminate which includes: a pair of electrode layers; an ion-conducting layer that is held between the pair of electrode layers; and an insulating layer that is disposed on one of the pair of electrode layers, in which the laminate forms a multilayer structure that is spirally wound around a conductive shaft, and multiple notches are formed in at least a partial region of the multilayer structure.
摘要:
A semiconductor device, comprising a semiconductor nanowire having a first region with one of a PN junction and a PIN junction and a second region with a field effect transistor structure, a pair of electrodes connected to both ends of the semiconductor nanowire, and a gate electrode provided in at least a part of the second region via an insulating layer. The semiconductor nanowire has a P-type semiconductor portion and an N-type semiconductor portion, and one of the P-type semiconductor portion and the N-type semiconductor portion is a common structural element of both the first and second regions.
摘要:
An electron-emitting device includes a pair of electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including an electron-emitting region carrying a graphite film. The graphite film shows, in a Raman spectroscopic analysis using a laser light source with a wavelength of 514.5 nm and a spot diameter of 1 &mgr;m, peaks of scattered light, of which 1) a peak (P2) located in the vicinity of 1,580 cm−1 is greater than a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 or 2) the half-width of a peak (P1) located in the vicinity of 1,335 cm−1 is not greater than 150 cm−1.
摘要:
An image-forming apparatus comprises a rear plate on which an electron-emitting device is provided, a face plate having an image-forming member and arranged to be opposed to the rear plate, and a spacer provided between the face plate and the rear plate. The spacer comprises a spacer base plate and a coating layer including organic resin and carbon. At least part of the carbon is exposed from the surface of the coating layer. The image-forming apparatus displays an image with a high luminance and a high color saturation over a prolonged time.