摘要:
A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter with an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas, a downstream end and zones. The system also includes a heating element. A control module selectively activates the heating element to inductively heat one of the zones.
摘要:
An assembly includes a particulate matter (PM) filter that comprises an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas, a downstream end and multiple zones. An absorbing layer absorbs microwave energy in one of N frequency ranges and is arranged with the upstream end. N is an integer. A frequency selective filter has M frequency selective segments and receives microwave energy in the N frequency ranges. M is an integer. One of the M frequency selective segments permits passage of the microwave energy in one of the N frequency ranges and does not permit passage of microwave energy in the other of the N frequency ranges.
摘要:
An optical detector pixel element. The novel pixel element includes a metallic substrate having a plurality of resonant apertures, each aperture adapted to resonantly transmit electromagnetic energy in a distinct frequency band, and a plurality of detectors adapted to detect the energy transmitted by the apertures. Each aperture is adapted to collect energy incident on an area larger than the aperture and focus the energy into a smaller, localized region in which one or more of the detectors is placed. The plural apertures are positioned such that they collect energy incident on a substantially common area, but are of different sizes such that they are resonant to different frequencies. Energy in different frequency bands are therefore funneled through different apertures. In an illustrative embodiment, several identical pixel elements are joined together to form an array.
摘要:
In one embodiment, a multiband infrared (IR) detector array includes a metallic surface having a plurality of periodic resonant structures configured to resonantly transmit electromagnetic energy in distinct frequency bands. A plurality of pixels on the array each include at least first and second resonant structures corresponding to first and second wavelengths. For each pixel, the first and second resonant structures have an associated detector and are arranged such that essentially all of the electromagnetic energy at the first wavelength passes through the first resonant structure onto the first detector, and essentially all of the electromagnetic energy at the second wavelength passes through the second resonant structure onto the second detector. In one embodiment, the resonant structures are apertures or slots, and the IR detectors may be mercad telluride configured to absorb radiation in the 8-12 μm band. Detection of more than two wavelengths may be achieved by proper scaling. A method of forming an IR detector array is also disclosed.
摘要:
A system and a method are provided for detecting a surface characteristic of a surface. A plurality of transponders are located on the surface for transmitting electromagnetic surface waves and for receiving the electromagnetic surface waves upon being reflected, diffracted, refracted, scattered, or otherwise altered by ice on the surface. A controller is coupled to the plurality of transponders. The controller is adapted to coordinate the plurality of transponders for imaging the surface characteristic of the surface.
摘要:
A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter with an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas, a downstream end and zones. The system also includes a heating element. A control module selectively activates the heating element to inductively heat one of the zones.
摘要:
A regeneration system comprises a particulate matter (PM) filter including a microwave energy absorbing surface, and an antenna system comprising N antennas and an antenna driver module that sequentially drives the antenna system in a plurality of transverse modes of the antenna system to heat selected portions of the microwave absorbing surface to regenerate the PM filter, where N is an integer greater than one. The transverse modes may include transverse electric (TE) and/or transverse magnetic (TM) modes.
摘要:
A diesel particulate filter including a microwave-absorbing target housed within a waveguide cavity lined along the walls with a hard-electromagnetic surface (HES). The HES modifies specific electromagnetic boundary conditions for a given design frequency so as to enable the establishment of electromagnetic field patterns which are more uniform across the cavity thereby causing the target material to undergo enhanced uniformity heating. The heating of the microwave absorbing media causes particulate buildup to be vaporized and removed from the filter by the exhaust stream flow.
摘要:
A waveguide filter (22,24) is incorporated into a cavity resonator (20) for a free-electron laser or the like by coating a material layer (24) on the inner peripheral surface of a hollow waveguide member (22). A high pass filter configuration is provided when the conductivity of the material layer (24) is higher than that of the waveguide member (22), such that electromagnetic signals having wavelengths longer than the skin depth of the material layer (24) pass into and are affected by the lower conductivity waveguide member (22). Reversing the conductivities produces a low pass filter configuration in which signals having wavelengths shorter than the skin depth are affected by the material layer (24). A bandpass filter configuration is provided by adding an additional material layer (32) of low conductivity to a high pass filter, whereas a band exclusion filter configuration is produced by adding an additional material layer (32) of high conductivity to a low pass filter.
摘要:
A transmission line feed for a surface wave medium having a dielectric substrate with an array of electrically conductive patches formed thereon. The transmission line feed includes a microstrip substrate, the microstrip substrate having a first permittivity which is lower than a second permittivity of the dielectric substrate of the surface wave medium, the microstrip substrate abutting against the dielectric substrate of the surface wave medium; a tapered microstrip disposed on the microstrip substrate, the tapered microstrip tapering from a relatively narrow end to a relatively wide end, the relative wide end terminating where the microstrip substrate abuts against the surface wave substrate; and an adapter for coupling a transmission line to the relatively narrow end of the tapered microstrip.