Abstract:
In the Preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bit line pair is coupled through a pair of high-resistance pass gates to a sense amp. During sense, the high-resistance pass gates act in conjunction with the charge stored on the bit line pair as, effectively, a high-resistance passive load for the sense amp. A control circuit selectively switches on and off bit line equalization coincident with selectively passing either the equalization voltage or set voltages to the sense amp and an active sense amp load. Further, after it is set, the sense amp is selectively connected to LDLs through low-resistance column select pass gates. Therefore, the sense amp quickly discharges one of the connected LDL pair while the bit line voltage remains essentially unchanged. Thus, data is passed from the sense amp to a second sense amplifier and off chip. After data is passed to the LDLs, the control circuit enables the active sense amp load to pull the sense amp high side to a full up level. Additionally, because the control circuit uses the equalization voltage to disable the sense amp, cell signal margin may be tested in a new way. Instead of varying the sense amp reference voltage, as in prior art signal margin tests, cell signal margin is tested by varying cell signal. V.sub.S may be selected to determine both a high and a low signal margin.
Abstract:
A semiconductor structure to prevent gate wrap-around and corner parasitic leakage comprising a semiconductor substrate having a planar surface. A trench is located in the substrate, the trench having a sidewall. An intersection of the trench and the surface forms a corner. A dielectric lines the sidewall of the trench. And, a corner dielectric co-aligned with the corner extends a subminimum dimension distance over the substrate from the corner.
Abstract:
The present invention encompasses monoclonal and chimeric antibodies that bind to lipoteichoic acid of Gram positive bacteria. The antibodies also bind to whole bacteria and enhance phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria in vitro and enhance protection from lethal infection in vivo. The mouse monoclonal antibody has been humanized and the resulting chimeric antibody provides a previously unknown means to diagnose, prevent and/or treat infections caused by gram positive bacteria bearing lipoteichoic acid. This invention also encompasses a peptide mimic of the lipoteichoic acid epitope binding site defined by the monoclonal antibody. This epitope or epitope peptide mimic identifies other antibodies that may bind to the lipoteichoic acid epitope. Moreover, the epitope or epitope peptide mimic provides a valuable substrate for the generation of vaccines or other therapeutics.
Abstract:
The present invention describes the preparation and use of biologically and immunologically active humanized monoclonal antibodies to Shiga toxin, a toxin associated with HC and the potentially life-threatening sequela HUS transmitted by strains of pathogenic bacteria. The present invention describes how these humanized antibodies may be used in the treatment or prevention of Shiga toxin induced diseases. One aspect of the invention is the humanized monoclonal antibody which binds Shiga toxin where the constant regions are IgG1-kappa and the variable regions are murine in origin. Yet another aspect of the invention is expression vectors and host cells transformed with such vectors which express the humanized monoclonal antibodies of the present invention.
Abstract:
The instant invention provides transgenic plants that express mammalian, e.g., human, recombinant tissue factor (rhTF) as well as methods for making rhTF. The invention further provides rhTF or functional fragment thereof that are obtained from a transgenic plant. The invention also provides methods of treating a subject using the rhTF or a fragment thereof.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods for preventing or treating sepsis, a sepsis-related condition or an inflammatory disease in a mammal. In one embodiment, the method includes administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, or fragment thereof that binds specifically to tissue factor (TF) to form a complex in which factor X or factor IX binding to the complex is inhibited and the administration is sufficient to prevent or treat the sepsis in the mammal. The invention has a wide spectrum of useful applications including treating sepsis, disorders related to sepsis, and inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Abstract:
The present invention encompasses monoclonal and chimeric antibodies that bind to lipoteichoic acid of Gram positive bacteria. The antibodies also bind to whole bacteria and enhance phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria in vitro and enhance protection from lethal infection in vivo. The mouse monoclonal antibody has been humanized and the resulting chimeric antibody provides a previously unknown means to diagnose, prevent and/or treat infections caused by gram positive bacteria bearing lipoteichoic acid. This invention also encompasses a peptide mimic of the lipoteichoic acid epitope binding site defined by the monoclonal antibody. This epitope or epitope peptide mimic identifies other antibodies that may bind to the lipoteichoic acid epitope. Moreover, the epitope or epitope peptide mimic provides a valuable substrate for the generation of vaccines or other therapeutics.
Abstract:
The invention includes pharmaceutically active compounds and methods of treatment and pharmaceutical compositions that utilize or comprise one or more such compounds. Compounds of the invention are particularly useful for treatment or prophylaxis of undesired thrombosis.
Abstract:
Provision of differential etching of layers by, for example, an etch stop layer or implantation, allows a second trough etch to be performed in accordance with a block-out mask (which does not require high accuracy of registration) to provide troughs or recesses of different depths in layers of insulator. When the recesses or troughs are filled by metal deposition and patterned by planarization in accordance with damascene processing, structurally robust conductors of differing thicknesses may be achieved and optimized to enhance noise immunity and/or signal propagation speed in different functional regions of an integrated circuit such as the so-called array and support portions of a dynamic random access memory.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for repairing a semiconductor memory device. A row redundancy replacement arrangement is provided to repair the memory device consisting of a first plurality of redundant true word lines and a second plurality of redundant complement word lines to simultaneously replace the same first number of first normal word lines and the same second number of the normal complement word lines. An address reordering scheme, preferably implemented as a word line selector circuit and controlled by redundancy control logic and address inputs, allows the redundant true (complement) word lines to replace the normal true (complement) word lines when making the repair. The redundancy replacement arrangement ensures that consistency of the bit map is maintained at all times, irrespective whether the memory device operates in a normal or in a redundancy mode. This approach introduces an added flexibility of incorporating the redundancy replacement without affecting the column access speed.