Abstract:
A differential amplifying device includes a first differential amplifying unit that receives an input signal and a reference voltage. The first differential amplifying unit amplifies the input signal to generate an output signal when a sensing signal is at a first level. A second differential amplifying unit is configured to also receive the input signal and the reference voltage. The second differential amplifying unit amplifies the input signal to generate the output signal when the sensing signal is at a second level. The first and second differential amplifying units are configured to take advantage of transistor characteristics.
Abstract:
Provided is a table generation method of decoding a variable-length code. The table generation method includes receiving a variable-length code table and a search width N, generating a K-ary tree from the variable-length code table and the search width N, and generating an N-bit code table from the K-ary tree.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device stabilizes an operation of an input buffer. A semiconductor device includes an input potential detection unit, an input buffer, and a current sink unit. The input potential detection unit outputs a detection signal in response to a level of an input signal. The input buffer buffers the input signal by differentially amplifying the input signal through a first current sink unit. The current sink unit receives the detection signal, and in response to the detection signal, performs an auxiliary differential amplifying operation with respect to the input signal buffered by the input buffer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a drowsiness detection method. A heartbeat signal and a breathing signal are detected by exploiting together a scheme and an optical system scheme. The detected signals are applied to respective amplification units, noise signals are eliminated from the detected signals, and noise-free signals are amplified. The amplified signals are applied to a central processing unit, signal processing is processed on the signals, and processed signals are combined. The combined signal is counted, and a warning sound, voice message or vibration is output in a case where a value, obtained by subtracting a counted output value monitored one minute before a current time, from a counted output value monitored two minutes before the current time, falls within a detection range and where, with a passage of time, the value falling within the detection range is successively detected from two to ten times.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device minimizes generation of an output signal skew of an input buffer and thus stabilizes the operation of the semiconductor device. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes an input potential detection unit outputting a detection signal in response to a level of an input signal, an input buffer buffering the input signal, and an output path control unit that receives the output signal of the input buffer and the detection signal of the input potential detection unit and outputs an output driving signal in response to the level of the detection signal.
Abstract:
A float gate memory device comprises a bottom word line, a float channel layer formed on the bottom word line and kept at a floating state, a float gate, and a top word line formed on the float gate in parallel with the bottom word line. In the float gate formed on the float channel, data are stored. Here, data are written in the float gate depending on levels of the bottom word line and the top word line, and different channel resistances are induced to the float channel depending on polarity states of charges stored in the float gate, so that data are read. As a result, in the float gate memory device, a retention characteristic is improved, and cell integrated capacity is also increased due to a plurality of float gate cell arrays deposited vertically using a plurality of cell oxide layers.
Abstract:
Provided is a wastewater treatment apparatus for removing nitrogen and phosphorus having an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank and a clarifier, wherein the aerobic tank includes has a baffle installed at one side thereof to form a dissolved oxygen reducing zone for reducing the concentration of dissolved oxygen contained in internally recycled wastewater returned from a dissolved oxygen reducing zone while increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen contained in treated effluent supplied from a part other than the dissolved oxygen reducing zone of the aerobic tank to a clarifier in a subsequent stage. Since organic matter present in wastewater is effectively used, the efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorus can be increased and the amounts of oxygen required throughout the treatment process and organic matter required for denitrification can be reduced. Also, synthesis of cells of microorganisms is suppressed. Therefore, the repair and maintenance costs can be reduced.
Abstract:
A lead frame for making a semiconductor package is disclosed. The leadframe's leads include a lead lock provided at a free end of each inner lead that is adapted to increase a bonding force of the inner lead to a resin encapsulate, thereby effectively preventing a separation of the inner lead from occurring in a singulation process involved in the fabrication of the semiconductor package. A semiconductor package fabricated using the lead frame and a fabrication method for the semiconductor package are also disclosed. The lead frame includes a paddle, a plurality of tie bars for supporting the corners of the paddle, a plurality of leads arranged at each of four sides or two facing sides of the paddle in such a fashion that they are spaced apart from an adjacent side of the paddle while extending perpendicularly to the associated side of the paddle, each of the leads having lead separation preventing means adapted to increase a bonding force of the lead to a resin encapsulate subsequently molded to encapsulate the lead frame for fabrication of the semiconductor package, and dam bars for supporting the leads and the tie bars. Additional package embodiments include exposed protrusions extending downward from the leads. The exposed protrusions are irradiated with a laser to remove set resin prior to a solder ball attachment step.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus of converting a series of data words into modulated signals generates for each data word, a number of intermediate sequences by combining mutually different digital words with that data word, scrambles the intermediate sequences to form alternative sequences, translates each alternative sequence into a (d,k) constrained sequence, measures for each (d,k) constrained sequence, not only an inclusion rate of undesired sub-sequence but also a running DSV (Digital Sum Value), and selects one (d,k) constrained sequence having small inclusion rate for recording on an optical or magneto-optical recording medium among the (d,k) constrained sequences having maximum value of running DSV. smaller than a preset limit. Accordingly, efficient DSV control can be achieved for even relatively-long sequences.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to method and apparatus of converting a series of data words into modulated signals. This method generates for each data word a number of intermediate sequences by combining mutually different digital words with that data word, scrambles these intermediate sequences, translates each scrambled sequence into a (d,k) constrained sequence, detects running digital sum (RDS) every bit for each translated (d,k) constrained sequence while counting sign changes of each RDS, selects one sequence of which RDS changes most in sign among the (d,k) constrained sequences after discarding every sequence of which maximum value of RDS is beyond a preset threshold, and records the selected sequence onto a recordable medium such as an optical disk or a magneto-optical disk. The present invention can suppress DC component more remarkably in case that a sequence becomes longer.