摘要:
An electron-beam exposure system includes: (1) a stage for supporting a wafer, (2) a planar electron-beam source that emits multiple electron beamlets toward the stage, (3) an electric-field generator for forming an electric field to accelerate the electrons in the electron beamlets, (4) a magnetic-field generator for forming a magnetic flux in the space between the planar electron-beam source and the wafer stage. The magnetic filed generator is structured and arranged such that the magnetic flux formed thereby is (1) substantially evenly distributed within a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and (2) of increasing flux density, ranging from a first density in the vicinity of the planar electron-beam source, to a second density (greater than the first density) in the vicinity of the wafer stage. The electrons in the electron beamlets follow the lines of magnetic flux such that the beamlet width is decreased at the stage compared to the beamlet width at the planar electron-beam source. The electron beamlets are preferably individually switchable, on and off, by word lines and bit lines on the planar electron-beam source. To form a desired pattern on a wafer surface, the stage is moved through a small area, while the electron beamlets are modulated as needed to write the desired pattern.
摘要:
A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus capable of measuring a temperature increase due to an application of RF magnetic fields for data acquisition purpose, and notifying an information on the measured temperature increase regularly to an operator, so as to secure the safety of a body to be examined. In this magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, the image data acquisition operation is controlled to acquire a phase information associated with a temperature change in an interior of the body to be examined, by displacing either an observation start timing or a radio frequency magnetic field application timing for a prescribed magnetic resonance signal in the magnetic resonance signal sequence from a normal timing for acquiring image data.
摘要:
An integrated semiconductor laser apparatus is constructed in such an arrangement that a core layer is located in the proximity of an active layer so as to be in an evanescent-field area of light propagating in the active layer and that a carrier concentration of a second cladding layer is higher than that of a first cladding layer. Thus, most evanescent waves of light propagating in the core layer propagate in the first cladding layer of the low carrier concentration. Since the rate of evanescent waves absorbed by carriers is very low, the integrated semiconductor laser apparatus can propagate the light with small losses.
摘要:
A magnetic resonance imaging system includes a magnetic field applying section for applying a static field, gradient field pulses, and an RF field to an object to be examined, a signal detecting section, including a homogeneous coil and a plurality of surface coils arranged to surround a desired region of the object, for detecting magnetic resonance signals from the object through the homogeneous coil and the surface coils, and an image data processing section for obtaining an image of the desired region by synthesizing image data based on the magnetic resonance signals respectively detected by the surface coils upon weighting/adding processing. The system uses differential surface coils as the surface coils. A magnetic resonance signal is detected through the homogeneous coil within the same time interval in which magnetic resonance signals are detected through the surface coils. Weighting functions for weighting/adding processing of image data are determined on the basis of these magnetic resonance signals.
摘要:
A magnetic field generating system for use in a magnetic resonance imaging system to apply a static magnetic field and additionally a gradient field and a high frequency field to a body under examination in order to excite a magnetic resonance and to collect magnetic resonance data about the magnetic resonance. The field generating system comprises a superconducting including magnet a superconducting coil for generating the static magnetic field, a gradient coil for generating the gradient field and a high frequency coil for generating the high frequency field. At least part of the superconducting magnet is made of a metal member, and at least part of the metal member is interposed between the superconducting coil the gradient coil provided with non-conductive sections for impeding an eddy current.
摘要:
The present invention provides a pyrone derivative and a pyridone derivative, which are novel intermediates for synthesizing an anti-influenza drug, a method of producing the same, and a method of using the same.
摘要:
A radio frequency coil assembly is provided that includes a first radio frequency coil for receiving a magnetic resonance signal from a tested body; a second radio frequency coil for receiving a magnetic resonance signal from the tested body; and a third radio frequency coil for receiving a magnetic resonance signal from the tested body and having a shape that is different from that of at least one of the first and second radio frequency coils so as to increase local sensitivity in an image-picked-up region.
摘要:
Provided is a transport method comprising judging whether there is a possibility that misalignment greater than or equal to a threshold value occurs between substrates to be layered that are held by a pair of substrate holders aligned and stacked by an aligning section, the misalignment occurring when the pair of substrate holders is transported from the aligning section to a pressure applying section; and if the judgment indicates that there is the possibility of misalignment, transporting the pair of substrate holders to a region other than the pressure applying section. Whether there is the possibility of misalignment may be judged based on acceleration of the substrate holders. Whether there is the possibility of misalignment may be judged based on acceleration of a transporting section that transports the substrate holders. Whether there is the possibility of misalignment may be judged based on relative positions of the substrate holders. Whether there is the possibility of misalignment may be judged based on relative positions of (i) a transporting section that transports the pair of substrate holders and (ii) one of the pair of substrate holders.
摘要:
Provided is a transport method comprising judging whether there is a possibility that misalignment greater than or equal to a threshold value occurs between substrates to be layered that are held by a pair of substrate holders aligned and stacked by an aligning section, the misalignment occurring when the pair of substrate holders is transported from the aligning section to a pressure applying section; and if the judgment indicates that there is the possibility of misalignment, transporting the pair of substrate holders to a region other than the pressure applying section. Whether there is the possibility of misalignment may be judged based on at least one of an acceleration of the substrate holders, an acceleration of a transporting section that transports the substrate holders, relative positions of the substrate holders, or relative positions of the transporting section and one of the pair of substrate holders.
摘要:
A design system (1) is provided with a function of acquiring a design specification of an object to be designed and an evaluation index for evaluating a value of the object to be designed in the design specification; a function of acquiring profile data of the object to be designed; a function (design order determining section (12)) of extracting entity design elements and important design variables from the profile data and prioritizing the entity design elements and the important design variables so as to construct a design workflow; a function (evaluation approach construction section (13)) of constructing an evaluation formula for performance/evaluation of a design result of each of the entity design elements in conformity with the design workflow; a function of finding an appropriate solution by performing automatic optimization while evaluating the design result with use of the evaluation index in accordance with the design workflow with which the evaluation formula is associated; and a function of outputting the appropriate solution thus found. This allows the object to be designed to be parametrically handled, and makes it possible to create a design workflow for efficiently finding an optimum design solution by properly combining a series of design elements and to find an appropriate solution with the use of the design workflow.