摘要:
After forming an insulating film on an underlying layer, a resist pattern is formed on the insulating film. The insulating film is etched by using the resist pattern as a mask, thereby forming an insulating film pattern. Without removing the resist pattern, exposed portions of the underlying layer and the insulating film pattern are subjected to a plasma treatment, cleaning, a heat treatment or the like, so that a deposition grown during the formation of the insulating film pattern can be removed. Thereafter, the underlying layer is etched by using at least the insulating film pattern as a mask. As a result, even when a strict pattern rule is employed, pattern defects can be prevented from being caused in etching a multi-layer film.
摘要:
There is provided an automatic wiring design apparatus comprising a designating unit for designating a line segment which is movable element; a specifying unit for specifying a first element whereat a first space between the first element and the line segment is smaller than a first distance; and a determining unit for determining a first position of the line segment to be shifted so that the first space satisfies the first distance. Therefore, if a barrier element specified by designating a line segment is an immovable element, the self-avoidance process by which the designated line segment can be moved is performed, so that the occurrence of a design-standard error can be avoided. The determining unit establishes the line segment as a been element, establishes the first element as a new element, and performs a pushing process for determining a position of the been element to be shifted relative to the new element to determine the first position of the line segment. By performing a swapping process for switching a designated line segment and the barrier element which has been, the self-avoidance process can be easily performed by employing the conventional pushing process.
摘要:
An optical pickup device of the present invention includes a substrate having at least a major surface, a semiconductor laser provided on the surface of the substrate for emitting laser beam, a reflection-type diffraction grating oriented to the semiconductor laser for splitting the laser beam into at least three beams and reflecting them upward, a hologram for receiving the three beams reflected from the reflection-type diffraction grating, and an objective lens for converging onto an optical recording medium the three beams transmitted by the hologram. The three beams reflected from the optical recording medium are focused by the hologram and directed onto the photodetector from the above.
摘要:
A semiconductor laser device of an AlGaInP system includes a GaAs substrate and a surface of the substrate is inclined by 5.degree. or more from a {100} plane in a direction.
摘要:
A steering wheel includes a steering wheel body and a horn pad disposed above a boss section and held by the steering wheel body. The back side of the horn pad is provided with a plurality of hook legs, and the steering wheel body is provided with a plurality of latch portions corresponding to the hook legs. Disposed between the horn pad and the steering wheel body are a spring for urging the horn pad upward and a horn switch unit for actuating a horn in depressing a horn pad. A control portion for actuating the horn switch unit upon depression of the horn pad is arranged in a rear section of the horn pad. Laterally provided in a front section of the horn pad is a center-of-pivot portion which acts as the center of pivot when the horn pad is depressed.
摘要:
An image signal amplifier circuit includes an amplifier for amplifying an image signal from a focusdetecting self-scanned image sensor, and a monitor photodetector for detecting the brightness of an object to be photographed. The amplification degree of the image signal is controlled by an automatic gain controller in the amplifier based on an output signal from the monitor photodetector so that the image signal as amplified will be of a constant level. An offset voltage is added to an output signal from the amplifier.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of producing reduced coenzyme Q10, including reducing oxidized coenzyme Q10 using a reducing agent in terpenes that can highly dissolve oxidized coenzyme Q10 and reduced coenzyme Q10 in the co-existence of at least one kind of additive selected from the group consisting of alcohols, water, a surfactant and diacylglycerol. In addition, the present invention relates to a composition comprising terpenes, a reducing agent, reduced coenzyme Q10 and at least one kind selected from the group consisting of alcohols, water, a surfactant and diacylglycerol, and a method of stabilizing reduced coenzyme Q10 comprising preparing the composition.
摘要:
A relay device includes: an input buffer for receiving data units, each of which includes a header, to which multiple pieces of destination information have been added, and data associated with the header; multiple virtual channels for storing data units, each of the multiple virtual channels storing a data unit in accordance with the destination information; a destination comparing section for determining the order of allocation of virtual channels at a relay device on the receiving end with respect to the data units that are stored on the multiple virtual channels by seeing if their destinations are the same; and an output section for outputting the stored data units preferentially through one of the virtual channels that has already allocated at the relay device on the receiving end.
摘要:
A relay device can perform high-quality communication even in a wireless mesh network where relay devices are densely arranged and interference of wireless packets is caused. The relay device includes: a representative node determining unit (605) which determines the channel used in its own cluster for intra-cluster communication to be a channel different from the channel used in neighboring cluster for intra-cluster communication, when the communication quality of its own relay device does not meet predetermined quality and no representative node exists among neighboring nodes; a joining and removal notifying unit (607) which allows a neighboring node which is not associated with any cluster to join to its own associated cluster; and a frequency channel changing unit (609) which changes the channel used for intra-cluster communication to the channel determined by the representative node determining unit (605) of the representative node.
摘要:
A wireless relay apparatus capable of high-quality transmission of data includes a wireless control unit and a data link communication unit wirelessly receiving and transmitting data. The wireless relay apparatus also includes a congestion status determining unit determining whether a congestion caused by radio wave interference occurs in the wireless relay apparatus, and includes a data flow determining unit identifying a flow of data transmitted and received by the wireless relay apparatus and determining whether the flows intersect in the wireless relay apparatus, when the congestion status determining unit determines that there is a congestion. In addition, the wireless relay apparatus includes a transmission parameter adjustment unit adjusting transmission characteristics of a type according to a result of the determination by the data flow determining unit, from among types of transmission characteristics of radio used in at least one of the wireless control unit and the communication apparatuses.