摘要:
A constrained chip for a plasma Jet torch is here disclosed, and the constrained chip is made of a metal, is forcedly cooled, and functions as one discharge electrode. A plasma generated by gas discharge is Jetted through a nozzle of the constrained chip for the plasma jet torch. This constrained chip 30 is all completely made of a Cu and Zr alloy, and a nozzle portion 32 has a nozzle bore diameter of 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm and a nozzle constraint ratio b/a (b is a length of the nozzle constrained portion) of 2.5 to 3.
摘要:
A laser processing apparatus is provided in which its XY table is composed of plural divided blocks vertically movable, at least one divided block is stopped while it is moving down, and a through hole is formed by irradiating a workpiece in an area corresponding to a position directly above the divided block with a laser beam.
摘要:
An ECU controls waste heat quantity of an engine according to a required heat quantity in response to a heat-utilize requirement. The ECU controls a valve opening period of an intake valve based on an engine driving condition and an ignition timing based on a most efficient timing at which fuel economy is highest. The ECU determines whether there is an ignition advance margin relative to the most efficient timing. When there is no margin, an actual compression ration of the engine is decreased by advancing or retarding a valve close timing of the intake valve and the ignition timing is advanced relative to the most efficient timing in order to increase the waste heat quantity.
摘要:
To prevent an alteration of the target slip amount of a lock-up clutch slip control due to changes over time of a automatic transmission, and moreover to improve fuel consumption without reducing drivability, a lock-up clutch is mounted inside a torque converter. Inside the lock-up clutch, operational oil is supplied while switching between a release state and an engaged state of the clutch according to the switching function of a clutch control solenoid. Furthermore, the arbitrary slip amount (slip rate) is regulated using these two components. As a result of these controls, there is mapping of the target slip amount in the operating ranges having as parameters the throttle aperture change rate and turbine rotational speed of a throttle valve included on the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine and the turbine rotational speed of the torque converter. If the throttle aperture change rate goes above a predetermined value, the target slip amounts of the operating ranges are updated based on the target slip amount of the operating range at that time.
摘要:
In order to prevent occurrence of engine stall even when a quick braking is made in a state where a torque converter of an automatic transmission is locked up, the torque converter is locked up in accordance with a throttle opening degree and a vehicle speed, and the lock-up is released at least when the braking operation is carried out. The opening degree B of an idle speed control valve (ISCV) for bypassing a throttle valve simultaneously with the lock-up is set, and the opening degree B is set as an actual control opening degree IV of ISCV when the opening degree B is larger than the opening degree IAV of ISCV which is set in accordance with the load of an engine. When the release of the lock-up is started, the actual control opening degree IV is gradually reduced to the opening degree IAV by a prescribed attenuation amount K. As a result, the engine stall due to a response delay to the release of the lock-up clutch can be prevented.