公开(公告)号：US08783106B1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-22

申请号：US13324012

申请日：2011-12-13

申请人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Eric Langlois ,  Michael Baker ,  Murat Okandan ,  Robert Anderson

发明人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Eric Langlois ,  Michael Baker ,  Murat Okandan ,  Robert Anderson

IPC分类号： G01P15/093

CPC分类号： G01P15/093

摘要： An accelerometer includes a proof mass and a frame that are formed in a handle layer of a silicon-on-an-insulator (SOI). The proof mass is separated from the frame by a back-side trench that defines a boundary of the proof mass. The accelerometer also includes a reflector coupled to a top surface of the proof mass. An optical detector is located above the reflector at the device side. The accelerometer further includes at least one suspension spring. The suspension spring has a handle anchor that extends downwards from the device side to the handle layer to mechanically support upward and downward movement of the proof mass relative to a top surface of the proof mass.

摘要翻译： 加速度计包括形成在绝缘体上硅（SOI）的手柄层中的校验块和框架。 检测质量通过限定检测质量的边界的背面沟槽与框架分离。 加速度计还包括耦合到证明块顶表面的反射器。 光学检测器位于设备侧的反射器上方。 加速度计还包括至少一个悬架弹簧。 悬架弹簧具有从装置侧向下延伸到把手层的手柄锚，以机械地支撑证明块相对于证明块的顶表面的向上和向下运动。

公开(公告)号：US08680810B1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-25

申请号：US13240354

申请日：2011-09-22

申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

IPC分类号： H01M10/46

CPC分类号： H01M10/425 ,  H01M6/40 ,  H01M10/0436 ,  H01M10/465 ,  H01M10/48

摘要： Various technologies pertaining to a microscale autonomous sensor and communications module are described herein. Such a module includes a sensor that generates a sensor signal that is indicative of an environmental parameter. An integrated circuit receives the sensor signal and generates an output signal based at least in part upon the sensor signal. An optical emitter receives the output signal and generates an optical signal as a function of the output signal. An energy storage device is configured to provide power to at least the integrated circuit and the optical emitter, and wherein the module has a relatively small diameter and thickness.

摘要翻译： 本文描述了与微型自主传感器和通信模块相关的各种技术。 这种模块包括生成指示环境参数的传感器信号的传感器。 集成电路接收传感器信号，并且至少部分地基于传感器信号产生输出信号。 光发射器接收输出信号并产生作为输出信号的函数的光信号。 能量存储装置被配置为向至少所述集成电路和所述光发射器提供电力，并且其中所述模块具有相对小的直径和厚度。

公开(公告)号：US08329503B1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-11

申请号：US12957082

申请日：2010-11-30

申请人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Murat Okandan ,  Paul J. Resnick ,  Jose Luis Cruz-Campa

发明人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Murat Okandan ,  Paul J. Resnick ,  Jose Luis Cruz-Campa

IPC分类号： H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H01L31/0682 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H02S20/32 ,  H02S40/22 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/547

摘要： A photovoltaic solar concentrator is disclosed with one or more transverse-junction solar cells (also termed point contact solar cells) and a lens located above each solar cell to concentrate sunlight onto the solar cell to generate electricity. Piezoelectric actuators tilt or translate each lens to track the sun using a feedback-control circuit which senses the electricity generated by one or more of the solar cells. The piezoelectric actuators can be coupled through a displacement-multiplier linkage to provide an increased range of movement of each lens. Each lens in the solar concentrator can be supported on a frame (also termed a tilt plate) having three legs, with the movement of the legs being controlled by the piezoelectric actuators.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有一个或多个横向结太阳能电池（也称为点接触太阳能电池）的光伏太阳能集中器和位于每个太阳能电池上方的透镜，以将太阳光集中到太阳能电池上以发电。 压电执行器使用反馈控制电路倾斜或平移每个透镜来跟踪太阳，所述反馈控制电路感测由一个或多个太阳能电池产生的电力。 压电致动器可以通过位移 - 倍增器联动来耦合，以提供每个透镜的增加的运动范围。 太阳能集中器中的每个透镜可以被支撑在具有三个腿的框架（也称为倾斜板）上，腿的移动由压电致动器控制。

公开(公告)号：US08323955B1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-04

申请号：US10383163

申请日：2003-03-05

申请人： Murat Okandan

发明人： Murat Okandan

IPC分类号： C12M1/42 ,  C12M3/00 ,  C12N13/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/48728 ,  C12N13/00

摘要： A micromachined patch-clamp apparatus is disclosed for holding one or more cells and providing electrical, chemical, or mechanical stimulation to the cells during analysis with the patch-clamp technique for studying ion channels in cell membranes. The apparatus formed on a silicon substrate utilizes a lower chamber formed from silicon nitride using surface micromachining and an upper chamber formed from a molded polymer material. An opening in a common wall between the chambers is used to trap and hold a cell for analysis using the patch-clamp technique with sensing electrodes on each side of the cell. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize one or more electrostatic actuators formed on the substrate to provide mechanical stimulation to the cell being analyzed, or to provide information about mechanical movement of the cell in response to electrical or chemical stimulation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于保持一个或多个细胞并在用分析细胞膜离子通道的膜片钳技术进行分析期间向细胞提供电，化学或机械刺激的微加工的膜片钳装置。 形成在硅衬底上的装置利用由氮化硅形成的下室，使用表面微加工和由模制的聚合物材料形成的上室。 在室之间的公共壁中的开口用于使用膜片钳技术捕获并保持用于分析的细胞，其中在细胞的每一侧具有感测电极。 本发明的一些实施例利用形成在基底上的一个或多个静电致动器来对待分析的细胞提供机械刺激，或者提供关于电气或化学刺激的细胞机械运动的信息。

公开(公告)号：US07308317B1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-11

申请号：US11060473

申请日：2005-02-17

申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf

发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf

IPC分类号： A61N1/05

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543

摘要： An electrode array is disclosed which has applications for neural stimulation and sensing. The electrode array, in certain embodiments, can include a plurality of electrodes each of which is flexibly attached to a common substrate using a plurality of springs to allow the electrodes to move independently. In other embodiments of the electrode array, the electrodes can be fixed to the substrate. The electrode array can be formed from a combination of bulk and surface micromachining, and can include electrode tips having an electroplated metal (e.g. platinum, iridium, gold or titanium) or a metal oxide (e.g. iridium oxide) for biocompatibility. The electrode array can be used to form a part of a neural prosthesis, and is particularly well adapted for use in an implantable retinal prosthesis.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有神经刺激和感测应用的电极阵列。 在某些实施例中，电极阵列可以包括多个电极，每个电极使用多个弹簧灵活地附接到公共衬底，以允许电极独立地移动。 在电极阵列的其它实施例中，电极可以固定到基板上。 电极阵列可以由本体和表面微加工的组合形成，并且可以包括用于生物相容性的具有电镀金属（例如铂，铱，金或钛）或金属氧化物（例如氧化铱）的电极尖端。 电极阵列可用于形成神经假体的一部分，并且特别适用于可植入的视网膜假体。

公开(公告)号：US09287430B1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-15

申请号：US11933458

申请日：2007-11-01

申请人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Vipin P. Gupta ,  Murat Okandan ,  Michael R. Watts

发明人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Vipin P. Gupta ,  Murat Okandan ,  Michael R. Watts

IPC分类号： H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/054

CPC分类号： H01L31/0543 ,  G02B7/023 ,  G02B7/08 ,  H01L31/022441 ,  H01L31/0504 ,  H01L31/061 ,  H01L31/0745 ,  H01L31/1804 ,  H01L31/1892 ,  H02S20/32 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A photovoltaic solar concentrator is disclosed with one or more transverse-junction solar cells (also termed point contact solar cells) and a lens located above each solar cell to concentrate sunlight onto the solar cell to generate electricity. Piezoelectric actuators tilt or translate each lens to track the sun using a feedback-control circuit which senses the electricity generated by one or more of the solar cells. The piezoelectric actuators can be coupled through a displacement-multiplier linkage to provide an increased range of movement of each lens. Each lens in the solar concentrator can be supported on a frame (also termed a tilt plate) having three legs, with the movement of the legs being controlled by the piezoelectric actuators.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有一个或多个横向结太阳能电池（也称为点接触太阳能电池）的光伏太阳能集中器和位于每个太阳能电池上方的透镜，以将太阳光集中到太阳能电池上以发电。 压电执行器使用反馈控制电路倾斜或平移每个透镜来跟踪太阳，所述反馈控制电路感测由一个或多个太阳能电池产生的电力。 压电致动器可以通过位移 - 倍增器联动来耦合，以提供每个透镜的增加的运动范围。 太阳能集中器中的每个透镜可以被支撑在具有三个腿的框架（也称为倾斜板）上，腿的移动由压电致动器控制。

公开(公告)号：US20130269747A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-17

申请号：US13543297

申请日：2012-07-06

申请人： Anthony L. Lentine ,  Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

发明人： Anthony L. Lentine ,  Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

IPC分类号： H01L31/05

CPC分类号： H01L31/0504 ,  Y02E10/50

摘要： A photovoltaic power generation system that includes a solar panel that is free of bypass diodes is described herein. The solar panel includes a plurality of photovoltaic sub-modules, wherein at least two of photovoltaic sub-modules in the plurality of photovoltaic sub-modules are electrically connected in parallel. A photovoltaic sub-module includes a plurality of groups of electrically connected photovoltaic cells, wherein at least two of the groups are electrically connected in series. A photovoltaic group includes a plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells, wherein a string of photovoltaic cells comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected in series. The strings of photovoltaic cells are electrically connected in parallel, and the photovoltaic cells are microsystem-enabled photovoltaic cells.

摘要翻译： 本文描述了包括不具有旁路二极管的太阳能电池板的光伏发电系统。 太阳能面板包括多个光伏子模块，其中多个光伏子模块中的至少两个光伏子模块并联电连接。 光伏子模块包括多组电连接的光伏电池，其中至少两个组被串联电连接。 光伏组包括多个光伏电池串，其中一串光伏电池包括串联电连接的多个光伏电池。 光伏电池串并联电连接，并且光伏电池是具有微系统功能的光伏电池。

公开(公告)号：US08285394B1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

申请号：US12502698

申请日：2009-07-14

申请人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  Sean Pearson

发明人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  Sean Pearson

IPC分类号： A61N1/05

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

摘要： A demultiplexer circuit is disclosed which can be used with a conventional neural stimulator to extend the number of electrodes which can be activated. The demultiplexer circuit, which is formed on a semiconductor substrate containing a power supply that provides all the dc electrical power for operation of the circuit, includes digital latches that receive and store addressing information from the neural stimulator one bit at a time. This addressing information is used to program one or more 1:2N demultiplexers in the demultiplexer circuit which then route neural stimulation signals from the neural stimulator to an electrode array which is connected to the outputs of the 1:2N demultiplexer. The demultiplexer circuit allows the number of individual electrodes in the electrode array to be increased by a factor of 2N with N generally being in a range of 2-4.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种解复用器电路，其可以与传统的神经刺激器一起使用以扩展可以被激活的电极的数量。 形成在包含提供用于电路操作的所有直流电的电源的半导体衬底上的解复用器电路包括一次接收并存储来自神经刺激器的寻址信息的数字锁存器。 该寻址信息用于对解复用器电路中的一个或多个1：2N解复用器进行编程，然后将神经刺激信号从神经刺激器传送到连接到1：2N解复用器的输出的电极阵列。 解复用器电路允许电极阵列中的各个电极的数量增加2N倍，N通常在2-4的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US08205497B1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-26

申请号：US12398559

申请日：2009-03-05

申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

IPC分类号： G01P15/093

CPC分类号： G01P15/093 ,  G01C19/5712 ,  G01P15/0802 ,  G01P15/14

摘要： A microelectromechanical (MEM) inertial sensor is disclosed which can be used to sense a linear acceleration, or a Coriolis acceleration due to an angular rotation rate, or both. The MEM inertial sensor has a proof mass which is supported on a bridge extending across an opening through a substrate, with the proof mass being balanced on the bridge by a pivot, or suspended from the bridge by the pivot. The proof mass can be oscillated in a tangential direction in the plane of the substrate, with any out-of-plane movement of the proof mass in response to a sensed acceleration being optically detected using transmission gratings located about an outer edge of the proof mass to generate a diffracted light pattern which changes with the out-of-plane movement of the proof mass.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种可用于感测线性加速度的微机电（MEM）惯性传感器，或者由于角度旋转速度或两者都可以感测科里奥利加速度。 MEM惯性传感器具有支撑在跨过穿过基底的开口延伸的桥梁上的证明质量，其中证明物质通过枢轴在桥上平衡，或者通过枢轴从桥梁悬挂。 检测质量可以在衬底的平面中沿切线方向振荡，响应感测到的加速度，校准质量块的任何面外移动都使用围绕校准质量块的外边缘的传输光栅进行光学检测 以产生随着证明物体的平面外运动而变化的衍射光图案。

公开(公告)号：US08000804B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US11588905

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  David J. Stein ,  Pin Yang ,  Joseph Cesarano, III ,  Jennifer Dellinger

发明人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  David J. Stein ,  Pin Yang ,  Joseph Cesarano, III ,  Jennifer Dellinger

IPC分类号： A61N1/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： An electrode array for neural stimulation is disclosed which has particular applications for use in a retinal prosthesis. The electrode array can be formed as a hermetically-sealed two-part ceramic package which includes an electronic circuit such as a demultiplexer circuit encapsulated therein. A relatively large number (up to 1000 or more) of individually-addressable electrodes are provided on a curved surface of a ceramic base portion the electrode array, while a much smaller number of electrical connections are provided on a ceramic lid of the electrode array. The base and lid can be attached using a metal-to-metal seal formed by laser brazing. Electrical connections to the electrode array can be provided by a flexible ribbon cable which can also be used to secure the electrode array in place.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于神经刺激的电极阵列，其具有用于视网膜假体的特定应用。 电极阵列可以形成为密封的两部分陶瓷封装，其包括诸如其中封装的解复用器电路的电子电路。 在电极阵列的陶瓷基部的弯曲表面上设置相对大的（多达1000个或更多个）可单独寻址的电极，而在电极阵列的陶瓷盖上提供少得多的电连接。 可以使用由激光钎焊形成的金属对金属密封来安装基座和盖子。 可以通过柔性带状电缆来提供与电极阵列的电连接，柔性带状电缆也可用于将电极阵列固定在适当的位置。