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    Ionisation vacuum gauge
    22.
    发明申请
    Ionisation vacuum gauge 失效
    电离真空计

    公开(公告)号：US20050030044A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-02-10

    申请号：US10910093

    申请日：2004-08-03

    Applicant: Raffaele Correale

    Inventor： Raffaele Correale

    IPC: G01L21/34 ,  H01J41/06 ,  G01L21/30

    CPC classification number: G01L21/34

    Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionisation vacuum gauge for measuring the residual pressure of a gaseous material remaining in a container (10), more particularly after operation of a vacuum pump. The gauge comprises an electron-emitting cathode (17), a grid (13) for accelerating the electrons emitted by the cathode and a plate (15) collecting the ions and/or the ionised positive molecules of the gas, wherein said plate is placed outside said grid. Measuring the plate current by a galvanometer allows determining the value of the residual pressure inside the container.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于测量残留在容器（10）中的气态物质的残留压力的电离真空计，更具体地说是在真空泵操作之后。 仪表包括电子发射阴极（17），用于加速由阴极发射的电子的栅极（13）和收集离子和/或电离的气体分子的板（15），其中所述板被放置 外面说网格。 通过电流计测量板电流允许确定容器内残余压力的值。

    Penning type gauge head with ignition aid
    23.
    发明授权
    Penning type gauge head with ignition aid 失效
    带点火助剂的Penning型量规头

    公开(公告)号：US5923172A

    公开(公告)日：1999-07-13

    申请号：US849506

    申请日：1997-06-10

    Applicant: Gerhard Kuster

    Inventor： Gerhard Kuster

    IPC: G01L21/34 ,  H01J41/06 ,  G01L21/30 ,  G01N27/62

    CPC classification number: H01J41/06 ,  G01L21/34

    Abstract: A penning type gauge head with an electrode system comprising an anode and a cathode disposed in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, including an ignition aid for the electrode system. In order to provide rapid and reliable ignition, the ignition aid consists of a least one metal strip attached on the anode, and the free end of the ignition aid extends in the direction toward the cathode.

    Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 03553 Sec。 371日期：1997年6月10日 102（e）日期1997年6月10日PCT 1995年9月9日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 19720 PCT 日期1996年6月27日是具有设置在永久磁铁的磁场中的阳极和阴极的电极系统的笔式计量头，包括用于电极系统的点火助剂。 为了提供快速可靠的点火，点火助燃器由连接在阳极上的至少一个金属条构成，并且点火助燃器的自由端在朝向阴极的方向上延伸。

    Devices for ionizing residual gases in vacuum systems
    24.
    发明授权
    Devices for ionizing residual gases in vacuum systems 失效
    真空系统中残留气体的离子化装置

    公开(公告)号：US3796917A

    公开(公告)日：1974-03-12

    申请号：US3796917D

    申请日：1972-08-21

    Applicant: NAT ELECTROSTATICS CORP

    Inventor： HILLER D

    IPC: H01J41/06 ,  H01J41/16 ,  H01J19/70 ,  H01J41/00

    CPC classification number: H01J41/16 ,  H01J41/06

    Abstract: The disclosed ionizers are of the orbitron type utilizing a high voltage anode in the form of a wire or rod extending axially within an outer generally cylindrical electrode which may be in the form of a cylindrical conductive screen connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. One or more of the ionizers are mounted within a vacuum space containing residual gas molecules to be ionized. The resulting ions may be propelled by electrostatic field forces to the cylindrical screen and also to the walls of the vacuum chamber where the ions may be absorbed or gettered by freshly deposited titanium or some other gettering material. By this mechanism of ion getter pumping, gas molecules are effectively removed from the vacuum space so as to improve the vacuum. In accordance with the present invention, electrons are injected into the space between the axial anode and the outer cylindrical electrode by an electron-emitting electrode which is typically in the form of a generally circular loop or ring encircling the axial anode and spaced inwardly from the cylindrical outer electrode in the radial electric field beween the inner and outer electrodes. The electron-emitting electrode is preferably energized with a direct current which causes heating of the electron-emitting electrode so that electrons are emitted thermionically therefrom. The current also produces an axial magnetic field in the space between the electron-emitting electrode and the anode. The combination of the radial electric field and the axial magnetic field causes a high percentage of the emitted electrons to go into orbits around the anode so that the electrons have extremely long mean-free paths before finally being attracted to the anode. In this way, the orbiting electrons produce a high degree of ionization of the residual gas molecules in the vacuum space. The axial magnetic field may be enhanced by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet disposed near the circular electron-emitting electrode and preferably aligned axially therewith. The electromagnet may take the form of a loop having one or more turns disposed near the electron-emitting electrode or a coil having a multiplicity of turns and preferably having a core of magnetic material. The permanent magnet may be generally cylindrical in shape and disposed axially. The ionizer may also be used to provide an ion gage in which the ion current to the cylindrical electrode is measured.

    Alternating current electrofluid dynamic energy conversion device
    25.
    发明授权
    Alternating current electrofluid dynamic energy conversion device 失效
    替代电流电动力能量转换装置

    公开(公告)号：US3638054A

    公开(公告)日：1972-01-25

    申请号：US3638054D

    申请日：1969-04-04

    Applicant: RICHARD F HONIGSBAUM

    Inventor： HONIGSBAUM RICHARD F

    IPC: G01F1/64 ,  H01J41/06 ,  H02N3/00 ,  G01F1/00

    CPC classification number: H01J41/06 ,  G01F1/64 ,  H02N3/00

    Abstract: An energy conversion device of the alternating current electrofluid dynamic type uses the electric field coupling between a spatio-temporally periodic charge distribution in a fluid stream and a plurality of electrodes at different points along the stream to interchange alternating current electrical energy at the electrodes with the flow energy of the stream. Energy can flow in either direction. If the device is used to supply an electrical load connected to the electrodes it is an alternating current electrofluid dynamic generator and can also be used as an amplifier, oscillator, flow meter, and the like. If the device is supplied alternating current electrical energy in order to accelerate the fluid it is an alternating current electrofluid dynamic pump and can also be used as a compressor, thrust engine, and the like. A nozzle and charging electrode arrangement is used to produce the spatio-temporally periodic charge distribution.

    Abstract translation: 交流电流动力型的能量转换装置使用流体流中的时空周期性电荷分布与沿着流的不同点处的多个电极之间的电场耦合来交换电极处的交流电能， 流的流动能量。 能量可以在任一方向流动。 如果该设备用于提供连接到电极的电负载，则它是交流电流动态发电机，并且还可以用作放大器，振荡器，流量计等。 如果该设备被提供交流电能以加速流体，则它是交流电流动力泵，并且还可以用作压缩机，推力发动机等。 喷嘴和充电电极布置用于产生时空周期性电荷分布。

    Method and apparatus for measuring pressure in vacuum interrupters
    26.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for measuring pressure in vacuum interrupters 失效
    用于测量真空中断器中的压力的​​方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US3575656A

    公开(公告)日：1971-04-20

    申请号：US3575656D

    申请日：1968-08-30

    Applicant: ITE IMPERIAL CORP

    Inventor： WATROUS WARD W JR

    IPC: H01H33/668 ,  H01J41/06 ,  G01N27/62

    CPC classification number: H01H33/668 ,  H01J41/06

    Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring pressure in vacuum interrupters in which electrical connection to the metallic shield provided within the interrupter is not available. Transverse electrostatic and electromagnetic fields are generated within the interior of the vacuum interrupter so as to cause stray electrons within the interior space of the vacuum interrupter to travel in cycloidal or elliptical paths. The tortuous route assumed by the electrons greatly enhances the propability of an ionizing collision The pressure measurements are taken by measuring the number of positive ions collected at the negative electrode and comparing the measurement to a calibration chart on which pressure versus current has been plotted. The measurements may be taken by measuring the time required to charge a capacitor whose charging rate is determined by the vacuum interrupter resistance which is the unknown quantity being measured.

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