Abstract:
An apparatus for generating and focusing electrons is provided. The apparatus has an emissive material configured to emit an electron, an electron target, and an electrical potential gradient generator configured to generate an electrical potential gradient within the emissive material. The electrical potential gradient is oriented so as to vary from positive to negative in the general direction toward the electron target. In operation, an electron emitted from the emissive materials is deflected away from the emissive material and generally toward the electron target. The apparatus may be incorporated in scientific analytical equipment such as an electron multiplier.
Abstract:
Provided is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer including: an ionization part receiving electron beams to thereby emit ions; a cold electron supply part injecting the electron beams to the ionization part; an ion detection part detecting the ions emitted from the ionization part; and an ion separation part connecting the ionization part and the ion detection part, wherein the cold electron supply part includes a microchannel plate receiving ultraviolet rays to thereby emit the electron beams, the ions emitted from the ionization part pass through the ion separation part to thereby reach the ion detection part, and the ion separation part has a straight tube shape.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier includes a tube and plurality of dynodes within the tube and including at least one first dynode and at least one second dynode. A respective insulator is between adjacent pairs of dynodes. The at least one first dynode includes a conductive outer ring and a medial conductive member coupled to the conductive outer ring in spaced relation therefrom. The at least one second dynode includes a conductive outer ring and a conductive inner ring supported within the conductive outer ring.
Abstract:
A dynode constituting an electron multiplier or a photomultiplier may be provided with eight rows of channels each defined by an outer frame and a partitioning part of the dynode. In each channel, a plurality of electron multiplying holes may be arranged. In specified positions of the outer frame and the partitioning part of the dynode, glass receiving parts wider than the outer frame and the partitioning part may be provided integrally with the dynode. Glass parts may be bonded to all the glass receiving parts. The glass parts may be bonded by applying glass to the glass receiving parts and hardening the glass and each may have a generally dome-like convex shape. Each dynode may be formed after the dome-like glass part may be bonded to the glass receiving part.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating an electron multiplier is provided. The method consists of depositing a random channel layer on a substrate such that the random channel layer is capable of producing a cascade secondary electron emission in response to an incident electron in the presence of an electric field.
Abstract:
This invention relates to electron emitting semiconductor materials for use in dynodes, dynode devices incorporating such materials, and methods of making the dynode devices. In particular, the invention relates to emissive materials having an electron affinity that is negative and which have low resistivity. The invention also relates to electronic devices such as electron multipliers, ion detectors, and photomultiplier tubes incorporating the dynodes comprising the materials, and to methods for fabricating the electronic devices. The secondary electron emitters of the present invention comprise wide bandgap semiconductor films selected from diamond, AlN, BN, Ga.sub.1-y Al.sub.y N where 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and (AlN).sub.x (SiC).sub.1-x where 0.2.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1. The films are preferably single crystal or polycrystalline. The films may be continuous or patterned.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier comprising an electron multiplier for minimizing a variation in multiplication factor and noise is characterized in that insulating members are aligned on the same line to insulate a plurality of dynode plates for constituting a dynode unit from each other, thereby preventing a damage to each dynode plate. At the same time, a through hole is formed to fix the insulating member provided to each dynode plate such that a gap is provided between the major surface of the dynode plate and the surface of the insulating member, thereby preventing discharge between dynode plates, which is caused due to dust or the like deposited on the surface of the insulating member.
Abstract:
An electron multiplier tube including a grid type of plural dynode arrays arranged in a first direction with a multistage structure for successively multiplying electrons incident thereto and an anode provided below the multistage structure of dynode arrays for collecting the multiplied electrons to output an amplified electrical signal, each of the dynode arrays including plural rod-shaped dynode elements arranged in a second direction and a mesh electrode provided over each of the dynode arrays for providing an equipotential, wherein the multistage structure of dynode arrays includes at least one group of neighboring dynode arrays whose dynode elements are arranged so as to be aligned with one another in the first direction without displacement. Each of the dynode elements has a substantially isosceles trapezoid section, both side legs of the trapezoid being slightly inwardly curved to effectively receive the incident electrons which have been emitted from a dynode array at an upper stage.
Abstract:
The photosensitivity of a photomultiplier dynode to white light or infrared radiation is greatly reduced by coating the dynode with a layer of an alkali halide material having good secondary electron emission characteristics. A method of applying the coating to the dynode is also described.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier tube which is insensitive to high magnetic fields comprises a photocathode deposited on a transparent window at the end of an insulating casing. The multiplier tube comprises a single amplifier stage comprising a dynode. The dynode is a metallic sheet with a circumference substantially surrounding the photocathode. A layer of a secondary emissive material is provided on the inner face of the dynode. An anode is formed of a metallic grid which is homeomorphous to the surface of the dynode. The anode is placed parallel to and at a short distance from the inside surface of the dynode.