Abstract:
A method in a three-terminal differential protection includes measuring a terminal phase current (IT1(y), IT2(y), IT3(y)) at each terminal (T1, T2, T3) of a protected zone of the differential protection in each phase (L1, L2, L3) to be protected, and determining a bias current (Ib(y)) of the phase on the basis of the terminal phase currents (IT1(y), IT2(y), IT3(y)). The bias current determination includes subtracting phasor values of the terminal phase currents of two terminals from the phasor value of the terminal phase current of one terminal. The terminal phase current, which is a minuend in the phasor difference computation, is selected on the basis of the phase angles or amplitudes of the terminal phase currents.
Abstract:
A power quality monitoring system and method standardizes power quality data obtained from heterogeneous devices such as power quality meters and other devices from various manufacturers. The power quality data is provided in a device independent and standardized format for use by web applications and other systems that manage and present the power quality data.
Abstract:
A system that measures a high electric voltage on an electrical transmission line has an electro optical voltage transducer sensor connected between the electrical transmission line and ground for providing in response to the measured high electric voltage a Sin optical intensity signal and a Cos optical intensity signal. The system also has a signal processor that operates in a first state to digitally process samples of the Sin and said Cos optical intensity signals. The process samples are used to provide a representation of the high electric voltage on the transmission line. The representation can be used for one or more of metering, relaying and transient capture.
Abstract:
In one aspect of the teachings herein, a self-commutated current source converter is operated in a manner that compensates for the reactive power consumption and/or harmonics generation of a line-commutated current source converter used in the transfer of electrical power between an AC power system and a DC power system. In this regard, the line-commutated current source converter is operated as a first converter in a hybrid converter apparatus and the self-commutated current source converter is operated as a second converter in the hybrid arrangement. According to one example, the first and second converters are stacked, such that each shares a portion of the DC voltage on the DC side of the hybrid converter apparatus, while in another example, the second converter is not used for power conversion and instead is used solely for compensation with respect to the first converter.
Abstract:
A method for controlling a modular converter with a plurality of converter modules includes: selecting possible future switching sequences of the converter based on an actual converter switching state; predicting a future current trajectory for each switching sequence based on actual internal currents and on actual internal voltages; and determining candidate sequences from the switching sequences, wherein a candidate sequence is a switching sequence with a current trajectory that respects predefined bounds with respect to a reference current or, when a predefined bound is violated, moves the current closer to such a predefined bound. The method includes predicting future module voltages for each candidate sequence; evaluating a cost function for each candidate sequence; and selecting the next converter switching state as a first converter switching state of a candidate sequence with minimal costs.
Abstract:
A electromagnetic actuator is disclosed for a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker, having at least one movable ferromagnetic plunger which is guided by at least one axis in a ferromagnetic frame. At least one permanent magnet can be arranged on an inner extent area of the ferromagnetic frame, and at least one coil can be at least partially arranged inside the ferromagnetic frame. The at least one permanent magnet can be extended perpendicular to the at least one axis in the coil overhang area.
Abstract:
A pressure compensator is disclosed for a subsea electric installation, which includes a rigid bottle and a flexible bag placed in the rigid bottle, the pressure compensator including a first opening at a first end of the pressure compensator allowing fluid communication of an insulating medium arranged to intermediate space between the rigid bottle and the flexible bag, a second opening at a second end of the pressure compensator allowing fluid communication of seawater arranged within the flexible bag; and a bypass channel providing fluid communication between two points in the intermediate space of the pressure compensator.
Abstract:
An adaptable installation for assembling sheet metal parts is provided, so as to constitute sheet metal elements of a plurality of types. The installation has a series of assembly stations in a row, each station being dedicated to assembling one type of element, at least one assembly rail extending parallel to the series of stations in a row and carrying at least one assembly robot that can move from one station to another along the rail that carries it in order to assemble sheet metal parts together at each station, and at least one handling rail extending along an assembly rail and carrying at least one handling robot in order to supply each station with sheet metal parts to be assembled and in order to extract the elements that have been assembled from each station.
Abstract:
A power semiconductor module and a power semiconductor module assembly, which includes a plurality of power semiconductor modules, are disclosed. The power semiconductor module includes an electrically conducting base plate, an electrically conducting top plate, arranged in parallel to the base plate and spaced apart from the base plate, at least one power semiconductor device, which is arranged on the base plate in a space formed between the base plate and the top plate, and at least one presspin, which is arranged in the space formed between the base plate and the top plate to provide contact between the semiconductor device and the top plate. A metallic protection plate can be provided at an inner face of the top plate facing towards the base plate, wherein the material of the protection plate has a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the top plate.