Abstract:
A droplet discharge apparatus is used in a multilayer structure forming method of the invention. The multilayer structure forming method includes: discharging droplets of a first conductive material to form a first conductive material pattern on a surface of an object; baking the first conductive material pattern to form a wiring pattern; discharging droplets of a first insulating material including a first photo-curable material to form a first insulating material pattern bordering via holes on the wiring pattern; curing the first insulating material pattern to form a first insulating pattern bordering the via holes; making the surface of the object lyophilic; discharging droplets of a second insulating material including a second photo-curable material to form a second insulating material pattern that covers the wiring pattern and the surface of the object which has been made lyophilic, and surrounds the first insulating pattern; and curing the second insulating material pattern to form a second insulating pattern that surrounds the first insulating pattern. In addition, preferably, the first conductive material includes silver (Ag) nanoparticles.
Abstract:
A method for forming a multi-layered structure using a droplet-discharging device; the method comprises: (A) forming a first insulating-material layer covering the material-body surface by discharging a droplet of a first insulating material including a first photosensitive resin to a material-body surface; (B) obtaining a first insulating layer by curing in the first insulating-material layer; (C) forming a pattern of an electric conductive material layer on the first insulating layer by discharging a droplet of an electric conductive material to the first insulating layer; and (D) forming a wiring pattern on the first insulating layer by activating the pattern of the electric conductive material layer.
Abstract:
A misfire detector calculates the engine speed fluctuation quantity Δωn for a predetermined period of time on the basis of the average engine speed on, which is the reciprocal of the time T120n that the crankshaft of the engine takes to turn 120 degrees. By comparing the calculated engine speed fluctuation quantity Δωn with a misfire determination value REF, from which it can be determined whether the engine is misfiring, the misfire detector determines whether the engine is misfiring. The misfire detector detects the rotational fluctuation per combustion stroke of each engine cylinder and learns the variation of the detected rotational fluctuation values during normal combustion. From this learned value and the detected rotational fluctuation value per combustion stroke of the cylinder, the misfire detector determines whether the cylinder is misfiring or not.
Abstract:
In performing a down-shift based on a driver's intention of deceleration, an engine output increasing control is started at a time when a transfer torque capacity of the releasing clutch becomes small or zero and the actual oil pressure decreases to an initial oil pressure, not causing an acceleration feeling even upon the engine output increase. For estimating a time when which the real pressure of the releasing clutch decreases to a level of not higher than the initial pressure, the response of the real pressure relative to an oil pressure command value for the releasing clutch is approximated using a transfer characteristic of “first order lag+time delay.” An estimated real oil pressure obtained based on the transfer characteristic is compared with the initial pressure. It is determined a start timing of the engine output increasing control has been reached upon decrease of the estimated pressure to the initial pressure.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal light modulation element is provided that includes a liquid crystal layer held between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material that exhibits a cholesteric phase and has a plurality of domains. The liquid crystal layer includes regions where the helical axes of the liquid crystal molecules in a focal conic state extend in regular directions within a plane that is substantially parallel to the surface substrate.
Abstract:
A clock adjusting method adjusts a first clock supplied to a first flip-flop which is coupled to an output of a first circuit and a second clock supplied to a second flip-flop which is coupled to an input of a second circuit, where the first and second flip-flops are coupled via a transmission path. The clock adjusting method includes the steps of (a) transmitting data from the first flip-flop to the second flip-flop via the transmission path while varying delay quantities of the first and second clocks, (b) obtaining a combination of the delay quantities of the first and second clocks with which the data is correctly transmitted from the first flip-flop to the second flip-flop, and (c) adjusting the delay quantity of at least one of the first and second clocks based on the combination so as to synchronize operations of the first and second flip-flops.
Abstract:
In a hybrid drive device which drives an electrical motor with electrical power from a storage device and/or from a generator driven by an engine, a secondary battery is generally used as the storage device. However, the storage device must be replaced at fixed intervals due to a short battery life. In addition, the low charging/discharging efficiency of a secondary battery limits improvements in fuel economy of the drive device. The present invention avoids these shortcomings by providing a storage device that includes a condenser bank with a plurality of condenser cells connected in series, parallel monitors which are connected in parallel to each condenser cell and which bypasses the charging current when the respective terminal voltages exceed a fixed value, and a switching converter with fixed current output characteristics which controls the charging electrical power to the condenser bank. This arrangement allows the present invention to realize improvements in fuel economy and reductions in the running costs of a hybrid drive device.
Abstract:
A vehicle has a power extraction mechanism 8, 9, 10a, 10b, 10c, which transmits the rotation of the power transmission mechanism to the auxiliary machines 20, 21, a solenoid clutch 11, which enables or disables the transmission of rotation to the auxiliary machines by the power extraction mechanism, and a determination device 30, 31, 32, which determines whether a control system of the motor 22 for auxiliary machines is operating abnormally or normally. The solenoid clutch 11 is maintained in a disengaged state when the control system of the motor 22 for the auxiliary machines is operating normally. In contrast, when an abnormality is detected in the control system, the auxiliary machines are driven by the rotational force of the power transmission mechanism because the solenoid clutch 11 is engaged at that time. In this manner, it is possible to maintain normal operation of the vehicle by driving the auxiliary machines even when there is an abnormality in the control system.
Abstract:
A vehicle is provided with an electrical motor for driving the vehicle using a battery as a power source. A braking device of the vehicle maximizes the generation of a regenerative braking force of an electrical motor in a range of electricity supplied to the battery, while satisfying the required braking force in response to an applied braking amount.
Abstract:
The invention provides a money sorting method and unit that can detect such a counterfeit as foreign money for which material, outer diameter and other features are very similar to a genuine coin, and that can decrease damage caused by the continuous trial of entry of counterfeit money. Sensors detect the material of a coin entered from a coin entry section, and at the same time, the outer diameter of the coin is detected by three sensors with a highly accurate method utilizing time ratio, pattern on the surface of the rolling coin is detected by converting output of the sensors to a basic pattern, and genuineness of the entered coin is judged based on these detection results. Detection detects features of the money entered from the money entry section based on output of the feature sensor, comparison judges whether the entered money is genuine or counterfeit, and if the entered money is a counterfeit, the counterfeit money is returned and at the same time an acceptance prohibition timer is activated, and while the acceptance prohibition timer is operating, acceptance is rejected whether the entered money is genuine or counterfeit.