摘要:
An inverter driver controls an inverter that supplies driving voltages to a plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter driver includes a first amplifier having an output terminal, a second amplifier having an output terminal connected to the output terminal of the first amplifier, and a capacitor connected between the output terminal and a ground source. The first amplifier outputs only a negative current corresponding to the maximum value among the driving voltages supplied to the plurality of discharge lamps, and the second amplifier outputs a current corresponding to the maximum value among the driving currents flowing through the plurality of discharge lamps. Such inverter driver controls the inverter according to a voltage of the capacitor.
摘要:
An inverter driver controls an inverter that supplies driving voltages to a plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter driver senses the abnormal operation of the plurality of discharge lamps based on a plurality of first feedback voltages corresponding to the plurality of driving voltages supplied to the discharge lamps and a plurality of second feedback voltages corresponding to the current flowing through the plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter driver is formed in a single integrated circuit.
摘要:
Disclosed is a fuel cell system wherein the flow of fuel and oxygen is optimized thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the entire system. The fuel cell system comprises at least one stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen, a fuel supply portion for supplying fuel to the stack, and an oxygen supply portion for supplying oxygen to the stack. The stack is formed in a stacked configuration with MEAs and separators. The separators are positioned on either surface of the MEAs. The separators have a plurality of ribs proximate to the MEAs which define a plurality of channels wherein the ratio of a width of the channels to the width of the ribs is from about 0.8 to 1.5.
摘要:
The present invention is a fuel cell system including a stack having an electricity generator, that includes separators disposed on both surfaces of a membrane-electrode assembly, a reformer that converts fuel to generate hydrogen gas and supplies the hydrogen gas to the stack, a fuel supply unit that supplies the fuel to the reformer, an air supply unit that supplies air to the stack, a cooling water supply unit that supplies cooling water to the stack, and a flow channel section that is formed in the separator and through that the cooling water supplied from the cooling water supply unit passes.
摘要:
An overlay mark includes at least one hole array formed on a semiconductor substrate and at least one linear trench adjacent to the hole array. The hole array may be formed adjacent to the linear trench along a predetermined direction. When alignment errors among patterns formed at predetermined portion of the semiconductor substrate are detected, the overlay mark may provide a contrast of light with a desired width and a high level so that alignment errors of patterns formed on the semiconductor substrate may be accurately detected and corrected using the overlay mark.
摘要:
The present invention provides a fuse of a semiconductor device and a method of forming a fuse of a semiconductor device. The method of the invention includes forming an underlying metal conductor on a semiconductor substrate, forming an insulating film over the underlying metal conductor, and selectively etching regions of the insulating film. One of the regions of the insulating film is etched to form a via contact region exposing the underlying metal conductor. A second region is etched to form a groove in the insulating film for the fuse metal. Metal is buried within the second etched region of the insulating film and the via contact region to respectively form a fuse metal pattern and a via contact metal layer.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for purification of viral RNA from a biological sample. The method involves lysing the virus envelope to liberate the RNA and passing the lysate through a porous hydrophilic PVDF filter to capture the viral RNA. The filter with bound RNA is then washed to remove proteins, lipids and other contaminants. The RNA is released from the filter using a low ionic strength ribonuclease (RNase) free solution to form a solution containing purified viral RNA. From this solution the RNA is recovered. The invention is also compatible with purification of nucleic acids from other types of samples.
摘要:
Semiconductor devices are provided. The semiconductor devices include a first fin; a first gate electrode intersecting the first fin; a first elevated source and/or drain on respective sides of the first gate electrode on the first fin; and a first field dielectric film adjacent the first fin. The first field dielectric film includes a first part below a top surface of the first fin and a second part protruding from the first part and above a top surface of the first fin that makes contact with the first elevated source and/or drain.
摘要:
Provided is an optical device. The optical device includes a substrate having a waveguide region and a mounting region, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide including a lower-clad layer and an upper-clad layer on the waveguide region of the substrate and a platform core between the lower-clad layer and the upper-clad layer, a terrace defined by etching the lower-clad layer on the mounting region of the substrate, the terrace including an interlocking part, an optical active chip mounted on the mounting region of the substrate, the optical active chip including a chip core therein, and a chip alignment mark disposed on a mounting surface of the optical active chip. The optical active chip is aligned by interlocking between the interlocking part of the terrace and the chip alignment mark of the optical active chip and mounted on the mounting region.
摘要:
Provided are a dual mode semiconductor laser and a terahertz wave apparatus using the same. The dual mode semiconductor laser includes a distributed feedback laser structure section including a first diffraction grating on a substrate and a distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section including a second diffraction grating on the substrate. A first wavelength oscillated by the distributed feedback laser structure section and a second wavelength oscillated by the distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section are different from each other, and the distributed feedback laser structure section and the distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section share the same gain medium with each other.