摘要:
A flexible, asymmetric electrochemical cell comprising: (A) A sheet of graphene paper as first electrode comprising nano graphene platelets having a platelet thickness less than 1 nm, wherein the first electrode has electrolyte-accessible pores; (B) A thin-film or paper-like first separator and electrolyte; and (C) A thin-film or paper-like second electrode which is different in composition than the first electrode; wherein the separator is sandwiched between the first and second electrode to form a flexible laminate configuration. The asymmetric supercapacitor cells with different NGP-based electrodes exhibit an exceptionally high capacitance, specific energy, and stable and long cycle life.
摘要:
A method of operating a lithium-ion cell comprising (a) a cathode comprising a carbon or graphitic material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon; (b) an anode comprising an anode active material; (c) a porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; (d) an electrolyte in ionic contact with the two electrodes; and (e) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes to obtain an open circuit voltage (OCV) from 0.5 volts to 2.8 volts when the cell is made; wherein the method comprises: (A) electrochemically forming the cell from the OCV to either a first lower voltage limit (LVL) or a first upper voltage limit (UVL), wherein the first LVL is no lower than 0.1 volts and the first UVL is no higher than 4.6 volts; and (B) cycling the cell between a second LVL and a second UVL.
摘要:
A lithium-ion cell comprising: (A) a cathode comprising graphene as the cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon and wherein said graphene cathode is meso-porous having a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g; (B) an anode comprising an anode active material for inserting and extracting lithium, wherein the anode active material is mixed with a conductive additive and/or a resin binder to form a porous electrode structure, or coated onto a current collector in a coating or thin film form; (C) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; (D) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes; and (E) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes when the cell is made. This new Li-ion cell exhibits an unprecedentedly high energy density.
摘要:
This invention provides a graphite or graphite-carbon particulate for use as a lithium secondary battery anode material having a high-rate capability. The particulate is formed of a core carbon or graphite particle and a plurality of satellite carbon or graphite particles that are each separately bonded to the core particle wherein the core particle is spherical in shape, slightly elongate in shape with a major axis-to-minor axis ratio less than 2, or fibril in shape, and wherein the satellite particles are disc-, platelet-, or flake-like particles each containing a graphite crystallite with a crystallographic c-axis dimension Lc and a lateral dimension. Preferably, Lc is less than 100 nm and the flake/platelet lateral dimension is less than 1 μm. The core particle may be selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, spherical graphite, graphitic coke, meso-carbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, graphitic fibril, carbon nano-fiber, carbon fiber, or graphite fiber. Preferably, the flat-shaped particles are randomly oriented with respect to one another.
摘要:
This invention provides a portable computing device powered by a surface-mediated cell (SMC)-based power source, the portable device comprising a computing hardware sub-system and a rechargeable power source electrically connected to the hardware and providing power thereto, wherein the power source contains at least a surface-mediated cell. The portable computing device is selected from a laptop computer, a tablet, an electronic book (e-book), a smart phone, a mobile phone, a digital camera, a hand-held calculator or computer, or a personal digital assistant.
摘要:
An energy storage stack of at least two surface-mediated cells (SMCs) internally connected in parallel or in series. The stack includes: (A) At least two SMC cells, each consisting of (i) a cathode comprising a porous cathode current collector and a cathode active material; (ii) a porous anode current collector; and (iii) a porous separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; (B) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with all the electrodes, wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g in direct physical contact with the electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; and (C) A lithium source. This new-generation energy storage device exhibits the highest power densities of all energy storage devices, much higher than those of all the lithium ion batteries, lithium ion capacitors, and supercapacitors.
摘要:
A lithium-ion cell comprising: (A) a cathode comprising graphene as the cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon and wherein said graphene cathode is meso-porous having a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g; (B) an anode comprising an anode active material for inserting and extracting lithium, wherein the anode active material is mixed with a conductive additive and/or a resin binder to form a porous electrode structure, or coated onto a current collector in a coating or thin film form; (C) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; (D) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes; and (E) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes when the cell is made. This new Li-ion cell exhibits an unprecedentedly high energy density.
摘要:
A nano graphene-enhanced particulate for use as a lithium-ion battery anode active material, wherein the particulate is formed of a single sheet of graphene or a plurality of graphene sheets and a plurality of fine anode active material particles with a size smaller than 10 μm. The graphene sheets and the particles are mutually bonded or agglomerated into the particulate with at least a graphene sheet embracing the anode active material particles. The amount of graphene is at least 0.01% by weight and the amount of the anode active material is at least 0.1% by weight, all based on the total weight of the particulate. A lithium-ion battery having an anode containing these graphene-enhanced particulates exhibits a stable charge and discharge cycling response, a high specific capacity per unit mass, a high first-cycle efficiency, a high capacity per electrode volume, and a long cycle life.
摘要:
This invention provides a graphite or graphite-carbon particulate for use as a lithium secondary battery anode material having a high-rate capability. The particulate is formed of a core carbon or graphite particle and a plurality of satellite carbon or graphite particles that are each separately bonded to the core particle wherein the core particle is spherical in shape, slightly elongate in shape with a major axis-to-minor axis ratio less than 2, or fibril in shape, and wherein the satellite particles are disc-, platelet-, or flake-like particles each containing a graphite crystallite with a crystallographic c-axis dimension Lc and a lateral dimension. Preferably, Lc is less than 100 nm and the flake/platelet lateral dimension is less than 1 μm. The core particle may be selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, spherical graphite, graphitic coke, meso-carbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, graphitic fibril, carbon nano-fiber, carbon fiber, or graphite fiber. Preferably, the flat-shaped particles are randomly oriented with respect to one another.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electrode material comprising a phthalocyanine compound encapsulated by a protective material, preferably in a core-shell structure with a phthalocyanine compound core and a protective material shell. Also disclosed is a rechargeable lithium cell comprising: (a) an anode; (b) a cathode comprising an encapsulated or protected phthalocyanine compound as a cathode active material; and (c) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode. This secondary cell exhibits a long cycle life, the best cathode specific capacity, and best cell-level specific energy of all rechargeable lithium-ion cells ever reported.