摘要:
A process is provided for preparing a resin composition for coloring which comprises the steps of a phase replacement and dehydration of a pigment (a); water (b); a thermoplastic resin (c), an aqueous dispersion or solution of a thermoplastic resin (d) or an aqueous compound (e) in a twin screw extruder. Also, there is provided a resin composition for coloring prepared by such a process. It is possible to efficiently manufacture a resin composition for coloring (master batch) which has excellent pigment dispersibility and which is capable of uniform coloring without causing color unevenness.
摘要:
A catalyst for purification of exhaust gases, comprising a monolithic carrier and a catalyst layer formed thereon for reduction of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted from internal combustion engines, wherein (1) the catalyst layer contains catalyst particles each comprising a heat-resistant inorganic oxide and at least one noble metal selected from Pt, Pd and Rh, loaded thereon, (2) the catalyst layer contains, as a whole, three noble metals of Pt, Pd and Rh, (3) the catalyst layer contains, at any position ranging from the outer surface to the midpoint of the thickness, catalyst particles comprising a heat-resistant inorganic oxide and 2-10% by weight, based on the inorganic oxide, of Pd loaded thereon, and (4) the catalyst layer has, at the outer surface, exposed catalyst particles comprising an heat-resistant inorganic oxide and at least Rh loaded thereon.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention (the present control apparatus) sets a target air-fuel ratio to a target rich air-fuel ratio when it is determined on the basis of the output value Voxs of a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 67 that the oxygen adsorption amount of a catalyst 43 tends to be excessive, and sets the target air-fuel ratio to a target lean air-fuel ratio when it is determined on the basis of the output value Voxs that the oxygen adsorption amount of the catalyst 43 tends to be insufficient. Further, the present control apparatus determines whether or not an operation state in which a large amount of nitrogen oxide flows into the catalyst 43 is reached on the basis of “whether a predetermined condition is fulfilled”, and makes the target rich air-fuel ratio obtained when the predetermined condition is fulfilled less than the target rich air-fuel ratio obtained when the predetermined condition is not fulfilled. As a result, the concentration of a reducing agent inside the catalyst 43 can be increased before a large amount of NOx flows into the catalyst 43. Therefore, when a large amount of NOx flows into the catalyst 43, most of the NOx can be eliminated.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus of the present invention comprises an inverse direction spike introducing section and an inverse direction spike interval setting section. The inverse direction spike introducing section introduces, while an air-fuel ratio correction required by an output of a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is being carried out, an inverse direction spike which is an air-fuel ratio spike to temporarily change an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas toward a direction opposite to a direction of the air-fuel ratio correction with respect to a target control air-fuel ratio. The inverse direction spike interval setting section sets, based on an operating state of an internal combustion engine system, an inverse direction spike interval which is an interval between two of the inverse direction spikes next to each other in time.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus of the present invention includes a determination section and a reverse direction correction introducing section. The determination section determines whether or not an output of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor falls within a predetermined range whose center corresponds to a target value corresponding to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. When the output of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor falls within the predetermined range, the reverse direction correction introducing section temporarily introduces, to an air-fuel ratio correction in a direction requested by the output, an air-fuel ratio correction in a direction opposite to the requested direction.
摘要:
A light source device includes: a microwave power source which generates microwaves; a central conductor which radiates the microwaves; and a light emitter which emits light by receiving the microwaves, wherein the central conductor and the light emitter are spaced from each other.
摘要:
A method for resizing a pattern to be written by using lithography technique includes calculating a first dimension correction amount of a pattern for correcting a dimension error caused by a loading effect, for each small region made by virtually dividing a writing region of a target workpiece into meshes of a predetermined size, based on an area density of the each small region, calculating a second dimension correction amount in accordance with a line width dimension of the pattern to be written in the each small region, correcting the first dimension correction amount by using the second dimension correction amount, and resizing the line width dimension of the pattern by using a corrected first dimension correction amount, and outputting a result of the resizing.
摘要:
A power saving wireless fire alarm system has a master station and a plurality of battery-powered fire detecting terminals linked for wireless communication with each other. Upon detection of a fire occurrence at one of the fire detecting terminals, the fire detecting terminal transmit a fire detection message to a master station which in turn transmit a wake-up message to the other fire detecting terminals and thereafter a fire information message which starts a multiple synchronous communication between the master station and the fire detecting terminals. Each fire detecting terminal has a power controller which selects an intermittent reception mode of activating its own receiver only intermittently until receiving the wake-up message or information indicative of the fire occurrence, and select a constant operation mode thereafter to make the fire detecting terminals be ready for the multiple synchronous communication commenced by the fire information message from the master station.
摘要:
A beam dose computing method includes specifying a matrix of rows and columns of regions as divided from a surface area of a target object to include first, second and third regions of different sizes, the third regions being less in size than the first and second regions, determining first corrected doses of a charged particle beam for correcting fogging effects in the first regions, determining corrected size values for correcting pattern line width deviations occurring due to loading effects in the second regions, using said corrected size values in said second regions to create a map of base doses of the beam in respective ones of said second regions, using said corrected size values to prepare a map of proximity effect correction coefficients in respective ones of said second regions, using the maps to determine second corrected doses of said beam for correction of proximity effects in said third regions, and using the first and second corrected doses to determine an actual beam dose at each position on the surface of said object.