摘要:
An arrangement for observing a surface using a charged particle beam irradiated on the surface of a specimen and detecting secondary electrons emitted. An exciting device produces a strong magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the surface of the specimen. Secondary electrons are extracted from a bottom or side surface of a recess, such as a through hole formed in the surface of the specimen, by an interaction between the emitted secondary electrons and the strong magnetic field. A focusing lens is arranged so as to focus the charged particles at a point on the specimen, even in the presence of a strong field. Thus, a secondary electron image on the surface of the specimen can be sharply obtained to thereby observe a secondary electron image at the bottom surface or side surface of the through hole.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic fuel injection valve including a magnetic coil housing (31) having a coil assembly (28) housed therein, the coil housing (31) includes the first and second coil housing half bodies (31a, 31b) whose cross sections are each shaped like an inferior arc, and which are oppositely disposed so as to interpose the coil assembly (28) and a coupler (34), each of the coil housing half bodies (31a, 31b) includes: a barrel portion (44) for covering an outer peripheral surface of the coil assembly (28); a front-end wall portion (45) and a rear-end wall portion (46) which are in contact with front-end and rear-end surfaces of the coil assembly (28); a front connection cylindrical portion (47) welded to the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic cylindrical body (4); and a rear connection cylindrical portion (48) welded to the outer peripheral surface of the fixed core (5); both the coil housing half bodies are formed symmetrically; and one half part and the other half part of each of the coil housing half bodies (31a, 31b) in an axial direction are formed symmetrically. Thus, it is possible to provide an electromagnetic fuel injection valve which enables the coil housing to be formed from two identical components, and is inexpensive and good in assembling efficiency, as well as has a better magnetic efficiency.
摘要:
A schematic eye is used for the evaluation of the optical system of an optical coherence tomography apparatus which captures a tomogram of the fundus. The eye includes a first optical member which irradiated light from the optical system strikes and a second optical member which irradiated light from the first optical member strikes. A plurality of layers having different scattering intensities in the incident direction of irradiated light are formed on the second optical member.
摘要:
A high-pressure pump (1) is equipped with a plunger (13) that moves in a reciprocating manner, a pressurization chamber (121) in which fuel is pressurized by the plunger (13), a fuel chamber (16) that accommodates a pulsation damper (50) and through which fuel flows, and a housing (11) that houses the fuel chamber. The fuel chamber (16) is connected to a return passage (310) through which fuel is returned from the fuel chamber (16) to a fuel tank (301) In addition, a connection passage (68) that includes a throttle (69) connects the fuel chamber (16) to the return passage (310).
摘要:
An ophthalmic apparatus includes an aberration correction unit which corrects aberration occurring in light irradiating an eye to be examined; and a common optical system which is commonly provided for an optical path of irradiated light on the aberration correction unit and an optical path of reflected light from the aberration correction unit. The common optical system includes at least one optical element, and areas through which the irradiated light and the reflected light respectively pass overlap each other on the optical element.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic fuel injection valve, a valve body guide hole (15) which is connected to a valve seat (8) of a valve seat member (3) and slidably guides a valve body (14), and a large-diameter hole (17) which is connected to a rear end of the valve body guide hole (15) via a tapered hole (16) and has a diameter larger than that of the valve body guide hole (15), are provided in the valve seat member (3) of a valve housing (2), whereas a first longitudinal hole (19) which communicates with a fuel intake cylinder (26) is provided in a fixed core (5); a second longitudinal hole (20) which communicates with the first longitudinal hole (19) is provided from a movable core (12) to a valve shaft (13); a traverse hole (21) which opens the second longitudinal hole (20) to the large-diameter hole (17) is provided in the valve shaft (13); and a relationship between the diameter (D1) of the large-diameter hole (17) and the diameter (D2) of the valve body guide hole (15) satisfies D2/D1
摘要:
The image display apparatus includes an image-forming element, an optical system guiding light from the image-forming element to an exit pupil, and a diffractive optical element disposed between the image-forming element and the optical system or between the optical system and the exit pupil. The diffractive optical element includes plural diffraction grating portions formed of mutually different materials. Each of the diffraction grating portions includes plural grating rings each having a grating surface and a grating side surface. In each of the grating rings, the grating side surface is inclined oppositely to the grating surface with respect to a normal to an enveloping surface passing through apexes of the plural grating rings. The diffractive optical element satisfies the following conditions at least when k=kE: θd(j, k)=sin−1 [{ni·sinθi (j, k)−m(j, k)·λ/P(j, k)}/nd]≦θi(j, k), M(k)=Σ{m(j, k)}=const, and θd(j, k)≦θ≦θi (j, k).
摘要:
An ophthalmic apparatus includes an aberration correction unit which corrects aberration occurring in light irradiating an eye to be examined; and a common optical system which is commonly provided for an optical path of irradiated light on the aberration correction unit and an optical path of reflected light from the aberration correction unit. The common optical system includes at least one optical element, and areas through which the irradiated light and the reflected light respectively pass overlap each other on the optical element.
摘要:
A schematic eye used for the evaluation of the optical system of an optical coherence tomography apparatus which captures a tomogram of the fundus includes the first optical member which irradiated light from the optical system strikes and the second optical member which irradiated light from the first optical member strikes. A plurality of layers having different scattering intensities in the incident direction of irradiated light are formed on the second optical member.
摘要:
There is provided a lubricant for hot plastic working, which contains 20 to 40 mass % of iron oxide and 10 to 30 mass % of sodium silicate, wherein impurities are 3 mass % or less, and the lubricant contains 40 to 60 mass % of water. By virtue of combined action of these components, the lubricant exhibits excellent lubricity and suppliability and does not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of product. The lubricant is suitably used for lubricating a guide shoe in piercing-rolling, for example, a high-Cr steel and achieves a great effect of preventing a seizure flaw from occurring on the outer surface of product by being applied directly to the outer surface of a workpiece just before piercing rolling, preferably, within one second before starting piercing rolling.