摘要:
A pair of upper die and lower die having forming surfaces corresponding to optical glass elements are prepared. A locating member having a plurality of locating holes for locating preforms is arranged on the lower die. A plurality of preforms are supplied to the locating holes, respectively, and the preforms are hot-press-molded between the paired upper die and lower die. According to this method, since a plurality of optical glass elements can be formed simultaneously, the high-precision optical glass elements can be manufactured at low cost.
摘要:
A polluted soil remediation apparatus comprising a treatment tank in which pollutants degradable with light irradiation in the presence of chlorine is extracted as a gas containing the pollutants from polluted soil and a mixture of the gas containing the pollutants and chlorine-containing air is irradiated with light to degrade the pollutants, wherein the apparatus comprises a unit for aspirating the gas containing the pollutants from the polluted soil, a chlorine-containing air generation unit for generating the chlorine-containing gas, a mixing unit for mixing the gas containing the pollutants extracted by the aspiration unit and the chorine-containing air generated by the chlorine-containing gas generation unit to form a mixed gas, the treatment tank comprising a treatment region where the mixed gas is introduced and a light irradiation unit for irradiating the treatment region with light to degrade the pollutants contained in the mixed gas, and an exhaust unit for exhausting the degradation-treated gas from the treatment region of the treatment tank.
摘要:
Charged-particle-beam (CPB) mapping projection-optical systems and adjustment methods for such systems are disclosed that can be performed quickly and accurately. In a typical system, an irradiation beam is emitted from a source, passes through an irradiation optical system, and enters a Wien filter (“E×B”). Upon passing through the E×B, the irradiation beam passes through an objective optical system and is incident on an object surface. Such impingement generates an observation beam that returns through the objective optical system and the E×B in a different direction to a detector via an imaging optical system. An adjustment-beam source emits an adjustment beam used for adjusting and aligning the position of, e.g., the object surface and/or the Wien's condition of the E×B. The adjustment beam can be off-axis relative to the objective-optical system. For such adjusting and aligning, fiducial marks (situated, e.g., in the plane of the object surface) can be used that are optimized for the CPB optical system and the off-axis optical system. Desirably, the image formed on the detector when electrical voltage and current are not applied to the E×B is in the same position as the image formed on the detector when electrical voltage and current are applied to the E×B. Also provided are “evaluation charts” for use in such alignments that do not require adjustment of the optical axis of the irradiation optical system, and from which the kinetic-energy distribution of the emitted adjustment beam is stable.
摘要:
An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference &Dgr;∈ in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.
摘要:
An illumination optical system for illuminating a substrate and a light receiving optical system that receives diffracted light from the wafer are provided in a defect inspection apparatus that inspects for a defect present at the wafer based upon an image of the wafer obtained at the light-receiving optical system, with a numerical aperture at the illumination optical system set different from a numerical aperture at the light-receiving optical system and the absolute value of the difference between the numerical apertures at the illumination optical system and the light-receiving optical system set at a value equal to or larger than the quantity of the angular offset manifesting between the direction along which the diffracted light advances and the direction along which an optical axis of the light-receiving optical system extends. As a result, highly reliable inspection results by preventing the contrast of an image of a substrate formed by diffracted light from becoming lowered either in its entirety or in part is achieved even when there is an angular offset between the direction in which the diffracted light from the substrate advances and the direction of the optical axis of a light-receiving system.
摘要:
A method for decomposing a gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon halide compound more simply is provided. The method includes the steps of mixing the gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon halide compound and a chlorine gas-containing gas and emitting light to a mixture gas of the gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon halide compound and the chlorine gas.
摘要:
Process and apparatus for decomposing halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of functional water under light irradiation, where the target substance for decomposition contained at a low concentration in the exhaust or discharge from the decomposition unit is adsorbed by an adsorption unit, and at regular intervals, the adsorbed target substance is released from the adsorption unit and returned to the decomposition unit. The concentration of the target substance in the waste or discharge can be easily and efficiently reduced below the environmental standard.
摘要:
There are here provided a method for biodegrading trichloroethylene which comprises the step of bringing an aqueous medium containing trichloroethylene into contact with microorganisms having a trichloroethylene degrading ability derived from intestines of termites to degrade trichloroethylene; a method for obtaining the microorganisms; a method for remediating a soil by the use of the microorganisms; and a method for biodegrading an chlorinated organic compound with the microorganisms.
摘要:
A foreign substance inspecting apparatus and method for detecting a foreign substance on a surface, includes a light source for providing light; a plurality of condensing optical systems for collecting the light from the light source and for forming a plurality of light spots on the surface; a scanning system for scanning the surface using the light spots formed by the condensing optical systems; a detecting optical system for detecting light scattered from at least one of the light spots by the foreign substance on the surface; and a surface shape measuring system for measuring a shape of the surface, wherein a focus of each one of the condensing optical systems is individually adjusted according to the surface shape measured by the surface shape measuring system.
摘要:
This invention relates an interferometer having a structure for suppressing measurement errors arising from leakage light by minimizing nonlinear errors due to the leakage light in a polarization beam splitter for splitting incident light into a first polarized light component and a second polarized light component, and apparatuses to which the interferometer is applied. The interferometer includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of light incidence on the beam splitting surface of the polarization beam splitter such that the extinction ratio of the polarization beam splitter is minimized by using the dependence of the polarization beam splitter on the incident angle.