摘要:
A coding and decoding apparatus for an acoustic signal obtained by extracting a series of sampled acoustic signal data as a series of frames. From data obtained over each of a predetermined number of discrete frequencies by implementing orthogonal transform processing to acoustic signal data using the same window function for first and second frames in sequential frames of the acoustic signal having a predetermined fixed time length, phase information for each of the discrete frequencies is obtained for every first and second frames. Then, quantities of changes in the phase information of each one of the discrete frequencies in the first frame with respect to the corresponding frequencies in the second frame are determined. On the assumption that the quantities of changes of phase information for each of the individual discrete frequencies are fixed on the time base, individual phase information is determined for the predetermined number of discrete frequencies in a frame at a third time position which is temporally displaced from the second frame by an integer multiple of a time difference between the first and second frames to predict phase information of the frame at the third time position. Thus, it is possible to efficiently encode an acoustic signal to facilitate its satisfactory recording or transmission or to easily provide a sound source for an electronic musical instrument which provides excellent performance.
摘要:
This invention discloses a heterojunction type field effect transistor such as 2DEG-FET and a heterojunction type bipolar transistor such as 2DEG-HBT. The former is fabricated by applying to the formation of its source and drain regions a technique which causes the disorder of the heterojunction by intoduction of an impurity such as by ion implantation or a technique which causes the disorder of the heterojunction by forming a film made of at least one kind of material selected from insulators, metals and semiconductors which have a different linear coefficient of thermal expansion from that of the material of a semiconductor substrate on the heterojunction semiconductor region which is to be disordered. The latter is fabricated by applying either of the techniques described above to a base ohmic contact region. These semiconductor devices can reduce the source-gate resistance and the parasitic base resistance. The invention discloses also the structure of the ohmic contact layer which has a trench on the surface thereof and is particularly effective for reducing the source-gate parasitic resistance.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a display having diffraction grating patterns, includes the steps of (a) obtaining a plurality of two-dimensional images by observing an object at a plurality of positions, and inputting images of the plurality of two-dimensional images in a computer, (b) selecting nth image data from the plurality of image data, (c) inputting data of a reproducing light source position and a view direction, (d) inputting predetermined dot data of the nth image data, (e) determining a pitch and a direction of a grating and an area of a dot on the basis of the data of the reproducing light source position and the view direction and the dot data, (f) moving an X-Y stage to a predetermined position on the basis of the dot data and delineating the diffraction grating by using an electron scanning unit, (g) sequentially incrementing an address of the dot data and repeating the steps (d) to (f) until all data corresponding to the nth image data are processed, and (h) selecting another image data, and repeating the steps (b) to (g) until all image data are processed.
摘要:
Disclosed is a semiconductor device including a heterojunction bipolar transistor in which the front surface of a base layer and the surface of an emitter-base junction are covered with a high-resistivity layer of compound semiconductor containing at least one constituent element common to an emitter layer and the base layer.
摘要:
A resonant tunneling device includes a superlattice layer which includes an interlaminated structure of three semiconductor layers each having a narrow energy bandgap and serving as a quantum well layer and four semiconductor layers each having a wide energy bandgap and serving as a barrier layer and in which three quantum levels are formed in the quantum well layers. A resonant tunneling phenomenon produced between the quantum levels provides peak current values which are substantially equal to each other, peak voltages which can be set independently from each other, and peak-to-valley (P/V) ratios which are high, thereby realizing a resonant tunneling device which has an excellent performance as a three state logic element for a logic circuit. By increasing the number of quantum well layers and the number of barrier layers, a logic element of four or more states can be realized for a logic circuit.
摘要:
Carbon or inorganic fibers are wound up cylindrically so as to have numerous intersections to each other. They are bound integrally to each other at points including their intersections to form cylindrical component parts which may be used within an extremely high-temperature furnace, such as when used as parts of belt conveyors and trays for carrying articles to be treated within the furnace. The cylinders thus made are comparatively thin and extremely light in weight, while they are afforded with a tensile strength sufficiently high enough to stand against loads exerted thereupon in the furnace.
摘要:
A PID controller system comprises a PID controller for PID controlling a process standing for an object to be controlled, and an automatic adjuster being responsive to a variable relating to the manipulation of the PID controller and the response shape of the control variable from the process to obtain necessary performance indexes and preparing, on the basis of the performance indexes, optimum control parameters for tuning the actual control variable to the control command value, the optimum control parameters being fedback from the automatic adjuster to the PID controller.
摘要:
In order to facilitate accommodation into a narrow space and enable to reserve an observation range wider than those conventionally available while assuring high reliability and brightness sufficient for practical use, the optical system for endoscopes comprises a stop capable of varying aperture into plural number of shapes and/or sizes, and a lens system arranged in the vicinity of said stop and designed in such a manner that the lens surface portions corresponding to the varied stop apertures and sizes have focal length different from each other. Said optical system is applicable as an objective lens, relay lens and eyepiece.
摘要:
A furnace to be heated to a high temperature which employs heating elements made from carbon or graphite. A longitudinal space within the furnace for accommodating said heating elements and a furnace bed for the transportation of articles to be treated through the furnace, is formed solely by blocks of porous carbon and without the emplyment of a conventionally prerequisite protective case. A pair of the heating elements extend along inner lateral walls of said space, facing to each other with the furnace bed therebetween, and have their electric terminals projecting through and outside of a bottom wall of the furnace.
摘要:
An endoscope apparatus for inspecting an object including an insertion section insertable into the object and having a distal end and a proximal end, an image guide arranged within the insertion section and having entrance and exit ends arranged at the distal and proximal ends of insertion section, respectively, an objective lens system arranged at the distal end of insertion section for forming an optical image of the object onto the entrance end of image guide, an eyepiece lens system arranged at the proximal end of insertion section for projecting the optical image transmitted through the image guide onto an observating position, a first piezo-electric bimorph arranged at the distal end of insertion section for vibrating the entrance end of image guide in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the insertion section over a given distance, a second piezo-electric element arranged at the proximal end of insertion section for vibrating the exit end of image guide in the same direction and over the same distance as those of the entrance end of image guide, so that annoying black mesh and Moire fringe are removed.