摘要:
Cuprous sulphate solutions, suitable for thermal or electrochemical disproportionation to yield copper, are obtained by dissolving copper sulphites, such as Chevreul's salt or cuprous ammonium sulphite, in acetonitrile-water or 2 hydroxycyanoethane-water mixtures, preferably in the presence of cupric sulphate. This discovery is capable of a number of applications, one of which is the recovery of copper from chalcopyrite by the following five steps. An oxidizing roast of chalcopyrite such as to produce either cupric sulphate and/or copper oxide, leaching of cupric sulphate from the calcine, precipitation of Chevreul's salt and/or other copper sulphites with a soluble salt of sulphurous acid, including bisulphites, dissolution of the copper sulphite as cuprous sulphate, using cupric sulphate in an acetonitrile-water solution as oxidant; precipitation of pure copper by thermal disproportionation of the cuprous sulphate solution. Acetonitrile and acidic cupric sulphate solution may be recycled. Advantages over conventional processes, such as roast, leach-electrowin, or smelt, convert, electrorefine, include lower cost, lower energy consumption, sulphur removal as ammonium sulphate or gypsum, rather than as sulphur dioxide, and rapid throughput. The net reaction is: ##EQU1##
摘要:
Method of preparing cuprous sulfate and bisulfate solutions from materials containing copper and impurities by a leaching process are disclosed. The leaching composition contains sulfuric acid, cupric ions, water and an organic nitrile. The leaching composition may be used with copper sulfide ores in particulate form. The cuprous solutions resulting from the leaching can be treated by disproportionation methods to recover pure copper.
摘要:
Copper is processed via solutions of copper salts, both cupric and cuprous, in acidified aqueous solutions containing organic nitriles. Methods of producting solutions of cuprous salts include reduction of cupric salts and oxidation of copper and copper sulphides. Solutions of cuprous salts are thermally or electrochemically disproportionated to produce copper and solutions of cupric salts.
摘要:
The invention consists in a conveying apparatus comprising elongated inflatable tubing to receive a load on its exterior and fluid supply means connected to the tubing to create within the tubing an inflationary through flow of fluid which causes movement of the load along the tubing.
摘要:
An improved method for fastening shoes with shoelaces having a first end and an opposing second end includes a spanning member having a hole to accommodate the first end, and a slot preferably sized for an interference fit with the second end. The first end is passed through the hole and knotted, preventing it from passing back through the hole. The second end is pulled to tighten the shoelace, knotted and anchored in the slot, maintaining the taut shoelace securely in place. With multiple holes and multiple slots, the tautness of a shoelace can be adjusted. The spanning member remains in place on a shoe when not in use, held by the knot in the first end. For convenience, a user may tie another knot in the second end, with a loop sized to receive a finger, for easily grasping the second end and sliding it into a slot.
摘要:
An auto-focus system employing a tunable liquid crystal lens is provided that collects images at different optical power values as the liquid crystal molecules are excited between a ground state and a maximum optical power state tracking image focus scores. An image is acquired at a desired optical power value less than maximum optical power established with the liquid crystal molecules closer a fully excited state than the maximum optical power state having the same image focus score. This drive signal employed during image acquisition uses more power than was used to achieve the same optical power value during the auto-focus scan, while actively driving the liquid crystal molecules is fast. A pause due to image transfer/processing delays after acquisition is employed to allow slow relaxation of the liquid crystal molecules back to the ground state in preparation for a subsequent focus search.
摘要:
A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.
摘要:
An auto-focus system employing a tunable liquid crystal lens is provided that collects images at different optical power values as the liquid crystal molecules are excited between a ground state and a maximum optical power state tracking image focus scores. An image is acquired at a desired optical power value less than maximum optical power established with the liquid crystal molecules closer a fully excited state than the maximum optical power state having the same image focus score. This drive signal employed during image acquisition uses more power than was used to achieve the same optical power value during the auto-focus scan, while actively driving the liquid crystal molecules is fast. A pause due to image transfer/processing delays after acquisition is employed to allow slow relaxation of the liquid crystal molecules back to the ground state in preparation for a subsequent focus search.
摘要:
A system for tracking and locating surgical items and objects in an operating room environment that incorporates two-stage functionality. A first stage provides mechanisms for tracking objects using radio frequency (RF) tags that are positioned on or in conjunction with every surgical item and object so as to be tracked by a number of RF transceivers located about the operating room. In addition to integrating RF ID components, the tags integrate hard spherical components that are easily identifiable by ultrasonic detection. If an object is “lost” from the tracking system functionality (RF tracking), the system operator may review a last known location and movement path presented on a display and thereafter utilize an ultrasonic sub-system in a localized area to detect the exact location of the missing object or item. Narrowing the location of a “lost” object is facilitated by the use of one or more LED laser pointers that are directed through the last known path of the object and to its last known location.
摘要:
An infrared sensor includes an infrared generator for generating infrared radiation within a detecting area, a pyroelectric sensor, a microprocessor, and an integrated detecting processor. The pyroelectric sensor is electrically communicated with the infrared generator, wherein the infrared radiation as an input signal is converted into a DC signal as an output signal having a real signal with low frequency and a noise signal mixed therewith. The microprocessor includes an A/D converter electrically connected with the pyroelectric sensor, wherein the microprocessor is arranged to receive the DC signal for data processing. The integrated detecting processor, which is electrically connected with the microprocessor, is adapted for stripping out the DC signal from the pyroelectric sensor to control a DC level of the DC signal, such that the real signal is allowed to be accurately processed in the microprocessor without data overflowing.