摘要:
A flash memory device and a method of programming a flash memory device include selecting bit lines connected to program cells of multiple memory cells coupled to a selected word line. The selected bit lines are driven to a bit line program voltage through a write driver circuit connected to first ends of the selected bit lines. The selected bit lines are also driven to the bit line program voltage through a bit line detecting/driving circuit connected to second ends of the selected bit lines. The bit line detecting/driving circuit activates the selected bit lines synchronously with voltage variations of the selected bit lines.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is an apparatus for producing 3D sound. The apparatus includes a determination unit, a mono sound spreading unit, a stereo sound spreading unit, a selection unit, and a 3D sound accelerator. The determination unit receives a source sound file and determines whether the source sound file is mono or stereo. The mono sound spreading unit converts the source sound into pseudo-stereo sound and performs sound spreading on the pseudo-stereo sound, if the source sound is determined to be mono. The stereo sound spreading unit performs sound spreading on the source sound, if the source sound is determined to be stereo. The selection unit receives the output of the mono sound spreading unit or stereo sound spreading unit, and transfers the output to headphones if the headphone reproduction has been selected. The 3D sound accelerator receives the output from the selection unit if speaker reproduction has been selected, removes crosstalk from the output, and transfers the crosstalk-free output to speakers.
摘要:
Provided is a heat treatment apparatus. The heat treatment apparatus includes a heating plate including a heater; a chamber case including a cooling chamber, and coupled to a lower portion of the heating plate; and at least one atomizing unit installed on the chamber case to generate liquid droplet aerosol by mixing a cooling liquid and a gas, and at the same time, to inject the liquid droplet aerosol into the cooling chamber.
摘要:
A multiprocessor system includes first and second processors and a multi-path accessible semiconductor memory device including a shared memory area and a pseudo operation execution unit. The shared memory area is accessible by the first and second processors according to a page open policy. The pseudo operation execution unit responds to a virtual active command from one of the first and second processors to close a last-opened page. The virtual active command is generated with a row address not corresponding to any row of the shared memory area. For example, bit-lines of a last accessed row are pre-charged for closing the last-opened page.
摘要:
A hydrogen generator and a method of operating the hydrogen generator. The hydrogen generator includes: a cylindrical reformer catalyst; and a cylindrical shift catalyst disposed inside of the reformer catalyst; a separation wall provided between the reformer catalyst and the shift catalyst; a cylinder that is disposed inside of the reformer catalyst, and comprises, on an outer surface thereof, a plurality of first nozzles to direct a plurality of flames to the reformer catalyst and a plurality of second nozzles to direct a plurality of flames to the shift catalyst; and a combustion fuel supply valve that selectively guides a combustion fuel to the first nozzles and or the second nozzles. The method includes heating the shift catalyst by supplying a combustion fuel to the second nozzles, making flames by igniting the combustion fuel that passes through the second nozzles, and directing the flames towards the shift catalyst, and stopping the heating of the shift catalyst by blocking the supply of the combustion fuel to the second nozzles when the temperature of the shift catalyst reaches the shift reaction temperature.
摘要:
A wafer bake system includes a heating plate for heating a wafer, and means for supporting the wafer to be spaced from the heating plate, wherein a gap distribution between the wafer and the heating plate is measured, and a temperature gradient of the wafer is controlled based on the measured gap distribution.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is an apparatus for producing 3D sound. The apparatus includes a determination unit, a mono sound spreading unit, a stereo sound spreading unit, a selection unit, and a 3D sound accelerator. The determination unit receives a source sound file and determines whether the source sound file is mono or stereo. The mono sound spreading unit converts the source sound into pseudo-stereo sound and performs sound spreading on the pseudo-stereo sound, if the source sound is determined to be mono. The stereo sound spreading unit performs sound spreading on the source sound, if the source sound is determined to be stereo. The selection unit receives the output of the mono sound spreading unit or stereo sound spreading unit, and transfers the output to headphones if the headphone reproduction has been selected. The 3D sound accelerator receives the output from the selection unit if speaker reproduction has been selected, removes crosstalk from the output, and transfers the crosstalk-free output to speakers.
摘要:
In a packet addressing method, one or more memory blocks are selected from a plurality of memory blocks and one or more data I/O pads are selected from a plurality of data I/O pads via which data input or output to/from the selected memory blocks are loaded, memory cell data output from the selected memory blocks are sequentially output to the selected data I/O pads, and data input to the selected data I/O pads are sequentially input to the selected memory blocks, so that read and write operations are independently accomplished in each of data I/O pads. The data I/O width can be adjusted according to the word length which is selectively set up, and power consumption can be reduced due to partial activation of the memory block.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a sense amplifier circuit which includes a first, a second and a third similar load transistors. The first and second load transistors supply a dummy data line with a current of the same amount to one another. Acting in a current mirror configuration, the third load transistor supplies a data line with a current equaling the total current supplied by the first and second load transistors. A dummy memory cell is composed of the same transistor as an on-state memory cell. According to this sense amplifier structure, it is very easy to obtain a dummy cell current which has an intermediate value consistently between an on cell current and an off cell current of the memory cell, which are supplied from the third load transistor to the data line. The improved intermediate value yields a reliable readout of the memory cell.
摘要:
A device and a method for meeting the distortion characteristic of a predistorter in accordance with the distortion characteristic of an output amplifier in a transmitter. The device controls the non-linear distortion characteristic of a predistorter in a radio communication transmitter which includes the predistorter for beforehand generating the non-linear distortion characteristic in opposition to non-linear distortion characteristics arising in an output amplifier, and up-converter for converting an output frequency of the predistorter into a radio frequency bandpass and outputting the converted frequency to the output amplifier. The device includes: a monitoring unit for monitoring the output level of the output amplifier; a storing unit for beforehand storing the non-linear distortion characteristics of the predistorter as digital data; a distortion controller for outputting and controlling given non-linear distortion characteristic digital data stored in the storing unit in correspondence with the output level of the monitoring unit; and a digital/analog converter for converting the non-linear distortion characteristic digital data outputted by the distortion controller into an analog signal and providing the converted data to the predistorter.