摘要:
A scanning probe microscope capable of measuring accurate 3-D shape information of a sample with high through-put without damaging a sample. In a method for acquiring an accurate 3-D shape of a sample without imparting damage to the sample by bringing a probe into contact at only a measurement point, once pulling up and retracting the probe when it moves towards a next measurement point, moving the probe towards the next measurement point and allowing it to approach, a deflection signal of the probe and its twist signal area analyzed so that measurement can be made at a minimum necessary retraction distance. Control for minimizing residual oscillation at the time of transverse movement is made so that a measurement frequency can be raised and high speed measurement can be accomplished.
摘要:
A surface roughness distribution in the surface of a silicon epitaxial wafer is made uniform by optimizing a temperature distribution in the surface of a susceptor used in a vapor phase thin film growth apparatus. The susceptor is not supported by its center of the rear surface thereof, but only the peripheral portion thereof is supported using vertical pins respectively provided at the far ends of spokes radially branched from a rotary shaft. The susceptor is constituted so that a difference in temperature between the maximum and minimum in the surface of a silicon wafer is suppressed to a value equal to or less than 7° C. Hence, a surface roughness distribution in the surface of the silicon epitaxial wafer can be suppressed to a value equal to or less than 0.02 ppm.
摘要:
A rewritable phase change type optical recording medium having excellent in storage durability such as archival property and overwrite shelf property and is less likely to have increased jitters, lower contrast and bursting due to deterioration by repeated overwriting is disclosed. The optical recording medium comprises a first dielectric layer, a first boundary layer and a recording layer, in tis order, wherein the first boundary layer is in contact with the recording layer. The information in the optical recording medium can be recorded, erased and reproduced by irradiating the recording layer with light. The recording and erasure of information are affected by reversible phase change between amorphous phase and crystalline phase of the recording layer. The first boundary layer comprises a material comprising an oxide, a carbide, a nitride of one or more elements (excluding carbon) belonging to a group 3A through group 6B of the 2nd period through the 6th period in the periodic table; carbon; or a compound with carbon and oxygen and/or nitrogen.
摘要:
A method of making a sample in a form of an outline drawing sheet, comprises the steps of preparing a plastic sheet 1 used for a base member, a screen for screen-printing, having a screen mesh 5 corresponding to a border line 2a for an outline drawing sheet, and a squeegee; placing printing ink 6 on the screen with the screen closely contacted to the plastic sheet; squeezing out the printing ink 6 through the screen mesh 5 by using the squeegee 7 to print a frame 2 constituting the border line for the outline drawing sheet 1, on the plastic sheet; applying paint 14 having a desired color on the plastic sheet 1 at an inside of the frame 2 after the frame 2 has been cured, to thereby form a colored portion 15; and stripping the frame 2 and the colored portion 15 integrated with the frame 2, from the plastic sheet 1.
摘要:
A tongue assembly (2) for a seat belt (1) has a plate (20) provided with a sharp-pointed projection (23) on one side thereof, and a tongue portion (22); and a cover (3) of a synthetic resin covering the plate (20). The cover (3) has a front part (31), a back part (32), a projection covering part (34), and a base end part (33) fastened to the plate (20) along the other side opposite the side on which the sharp-pointed projection (23) is formed. The front part (31) and the back part (32) are connected to the base end part (33) by thinned hinge portions (35). In an emergency, the projection covering part (34) of the cover (3) is opened, the front part (31) and the back part (32) of the cover (3) are turned on the hinge portions (35) and are folded back so that the sharp-pointed projection (23) is exposed, and the front part (31) and the back part (32) extend behind the side of the plate (20) opposite the side provided with the sharp-pointed projection (23) and overlap each other to form a grip (5). The passenger grips the grip (5) and strikes a window glass with the sharp-pointed projection (23) to break the glass for emergency escape.
摘要:
A current flowing through a discharge lamp 4 is detected by a current detecting circuit 5, and the detected current is outputted as a lamp current signal A to a feedback control circuit 7 where a difference between the lamp current signal A and the dimming control signal B is obtained and amplified, and then a simplified signal D is outputted to an adder 12 which adds the amplified signal D to the dimming control signal B to constitute a control signal E. The control signal is fed back to a high frequency power supply 2. When a comparing circuit 15 detects that the light level of the dimming control signal B with respect to the full light becomes higher than or equal to 40% to 60%, the feedback circuit is disconnected by operating a switch 13 provided between an error amplifying circuit 9 and an adder 12 to stop the feedback control.
摘要:
A developer contains a set of color toners and black toner for use in a full color image forming apparatus. Each of the color toners contains a color colorant and a first binder resin, and the black toner contains a black colorant and a second binder resin. The difference between softening point and flow starting temperature of said first binder resin is less than the difference between softening point and flow starting temperature of said second binder resin.
摘要:
A negatively chargeable color toner for full-color image forming, comprising a specific linear polyester resin and C. I. Solvent Yellow 162 or a specific anthraquinone magenta dye or an anthraquinone magenta dye together with a quinacridone magenta pigment.
摘要:
A cylindrical apparatus for the growth of epitaxial layers having disposed inside a bell jar a susceptor provided thereon with pockets for retaining a substrate is disclosed. It allows the flow rate of a raw material gas inside the apparatus to be uniformized, the fluctuation of film thickness of epitaxial layers within one batch to be repressed below 5%, and the fluctuation of film thickness of an epitaxial layer in the substrate to be decreased by equalizing the gap area between the peripheral surface of the susceptor and the internal wall surface of the bell jar at least in the lateral wall portions of the bell jar confronting the substrates on the susceptor.
摘要:
In a process for producing a dicumyl peroxide comprising reacting a cumene hydroperoxide and an .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, when a polar solvent exists in the reaction system, the cumene hydroperoxide of the starting material and the dicumyl peroxide of the resulting product are scarcely decomposed.