摘要:
A method for switching a transmission route in an optical network. A regenerator station extracts a main signal, and detects the input level of the main signal. When the input level falls below a threshold, the regenerator station determines that a failure occurs, and stops output of a main signal from the regenerator station, and transmits a control signal indicating occurrence of the failure to a receiver station, which separates the control signal from a main signal transmitted thereto, detects the input level of the main signal at the receiver station, analyzes the separated control signal, and determines whether or not a failure occurs. When the input level of the main signal at the receiver station falls below a threshold, or when the separated control signal indicates occurrence of a failure, the receiver station detects the occurrence of the failure, and switches the transmission route.
摘要:
A starting control apparatus that automatically discriminates configuration of a vehicle on which the starting control apparatus is mounted, executes an appropriate starting control, and be widely used is provided. The starting control apparatus prestores therein computer program codes for performing a starting control for normal vehicle and a starting control for hybrid vehicle, discriminates between normal vehicle and hybrid vehicle about the vehicle on which the starting control apparatus is mounted on, and executes one of the starting controls corresponding to a result of discrimination between normal vehicle and hybrid vehicle.
摘要:
A starting control apparatus includes a state determining unit that determines whether each of a plurality of power units is in any one of a normal state and an abnormal state, and a warming-up control unit that controls an abnormal power unit not to start and causes a normal power unit to start a power source and to carry out warming-up of the vehicle.
摘要:
The present invention provides a rare-earth magnet capable of enhancing a corrosion resistance. A protective film is a three-layer film including a first protective layer with a crystalline structure α (for example, a polycrystalline structure), a second protective layer with a crystalline structure β (for example, a columnar-crystalline structure), and a third protective layer with the crystalline structure α from the side near a magnet body. Since the adjoining first and second protective layers have different crystalline structures from each other, and the adjoining second and third protective layers have also different crystalline structures from each other, compactness among the three layers in the protective film may be improved. Therefore, development of a pinhole is restrained, and corrosion of the protective film can be restrained.
摘要:
In a technique to improve the high-frequency power gain of an LDMOS, the distance from the surface of a passivation film covering electrode pads to the rear surface of a silicon substrate is set into 200 μm or less, or a trench of 2 μm or more in thickness, in which an insulating film or a conductor is embedded, is formed between a region where a p type impurity is diffused, when a p+ type source penetrating layer is formed, and the channel region of a third LDMOS, so as to extend from the front surface of a semiconductor layer toward a silicon substrate. This trench restrains the p+ type source penetrating layer from spreading to the channel region, thereby lowering the inductance or the resistance of the source and improving the high-frequency power gain.
摘要:
An optical level of each wavelength of a wavelength multiplexed light is monitored and the optical level of each wavelength is adjusted so that the above monitored value gets closer to a target value. Further, an optical level of each wavelength after the coupling of the adjusted lights is monitored, in total. The target value of each wavelength is updated in accordance with the above monitored value.
摘要:
Disclosed is a wavelength-division multiplexing optical transmission system in which an optical lossy medium, optical amplifiers and Raman amplifiers for compensating for loss in the optical lossy medium are cascade-connected. The system includes power-level equalizing means for equalizing optical power levels input to an optical amplifier of a succeeding stage by adjusting excitation ratio of a Raman amplifier; optical-SNR equalizing means for adjusting power levels at a transmitting end to equalize optical SNRs at a receiving end; and correction-value acquisition means for acquiring a correction value that represents an amount of change in power of each wavelength before and after optical-SNR equalization control. At control for equalizing power levels by a Raman amplifier, the power-level equalizing means performs equalization control using the correction value that represents the amount of change in power of each wavelength before and after optical-SNR equalization control the previous time, and the optical-SNR equalizing means subsequently performs optical-SNR equalization control.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to provide a WDM optical communication system and a WDM communication method wherein deviation of transmission characteristics of optical signals of respective wavelengths is reliably controlled, based on reception information such as the OSNR, BER and the like measured at the receiving end, thereby enabling optimal transmission conditions to be realized. For this purpose, the present WDM optical communication system transmits WDM signal light of wavelengths λ1˜λn, which has been generated by the transmitting end of one terminal station, to the receiving end of the other terminal station through an optical transmission path. At the receiving end, the OSNR and BER of the optical signals of wavelengths λ1˜λn are measured, and the result is superimposed on overhead information transmitted along the opposing line of the optical transmission path as reception information. At the transmitting end, the settings of pre-emphasis and a parameter α are feedback controlled based on the reception information about each wavelength transmitted, and deviation of transmission characteristics of respective wavelengths is thus suppressed.
摘要:
An optical transmission network includes a first dispersion compensator arranged in a maximum dispersion span having a maximum dispersion value and searched out from within a maximum dispersion route having a maximum dispersion value from among routes of non-regeneration intervals within which a dispersion value before dispersion compensation does not satisfy an upper limit of a dispersion tolerance, and a second dispersion compensator arranged in a maximum dispersion span having a maximum dispersion value searched out from within a maximum dispersion route having a maximum dispersion value from among the routes when a dispersion compensator is successively arranged until a route of a non-regeneration interval within which a dispersion value of a certain channel does not satisfy the dispersion tolerance does not remain any more based on the dispersion value after the dispersion compensation with respect to the searched out maximum dispersion span. The dispersion compensation amounts of the first and second dispersion compensators are such that, when the dispersion compensation amount of the maximum dispersion span in which the first and second dispersion compensators are arranged is successively increased, the span has a residual dispersion value equal to or higher than a fixed range and the maximum dispersion route which relates to the spans has a residual dispersion value which satisfies the dispersion tolerance or the span has a residual dispersion value which is within the fixed range.
摘要:
An optical amplifying apparatus of the present invention comprises a correction part for correcting a predetermined fixed value of an output optical level by a correction amount according to an optical power of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The correction amount is, for example, computed by predetermined formulas. According to the present invention, when a WDM optical signal is optically amplified, the output is fixedly amplified for each channel by the correction amount which is a value obtained with the ASE levels taken into consideration, so that a fluctuation in the level of the average optical power of the channels is suppressed even if an optical signal is dropped/added therefrom/thereto during repeated transmissions.