公开(公告)号：US20080026949A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11770074

申请日：2007-06-28

申请人： John Hoidal ,  Mary Scholand ,  Mark Leppert ,  Michael Paul ,  Robert Gritz ,  Joel Pounds ,  Richard Smith

发明人： John Hoidal ,  Mary Scholand ,  Mark Leppert ,  Michael Paul ,  Robert Gritz ,  Joel Pounds ,  Richard Smith

IPC分类号： C40B20/08 ,  C40B30/00 ,  C40B40/10

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6883 ,  G01N33/6848 ,  G01N2800/122 ,  G06F19/18

摘要： Methods are disclosed for generating and isolating an informative content repository of respiratory related biomarkers to accurately determine whether an individual has normal or abnormal pulmonary function. Specifically, methods are directed to determination of whether individuals have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and if so, whether the affected individuals experience rapid long decline or slow lung decline as a result of COPD. Also disclosed is an informative content repository of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers, which when linked with other informative content provides a powerful tool for diagnosis, study, therapeutic discovery and development, condition management, health maintenance, and linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through pattern of life style, environmental exposure, and genetic susceptibility and inheritance. Disclosed herein is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarker informative content repository comprising at least one COPD biomarker, apparatus and methods to diagnose, assess, address, and ameliorate related conditions.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于产生和分离呼吸相关生物标志物的信息内容库的方法，以准确地确定个体是否具有正常或异常的肺功能。 具体来说，方法是针对确定个体是否患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病，如果是，受影响的个体是否经历COPD的快速长期衰退或肺缓慢缓慢。 还披露了慢性阻塞性肺疾病生物标志物的信息内容库，当与其他信息内容联系时，通过模式的方式为诊断，研究，治疗发现和发展，病症管理，健康维持和慢性阻塞性肺疾病连接提供了强大的工具 生活方式，环境暴露和遗传易感性和遗传。 本文公开了一种慢性阻塞性肺疾病生物标志物信息内容库，其包含至少一种COPD生物标志物，用于诊断，评估，解决和改善相关病症的装置和方法。

公开(公告)号：US07322336B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-29

申请号：US11313754

申请日：2005-12-22

申请人： Michael Paul ,  Joachim Gruenberger

发明人： Michael Paul ,  Joachim Gruenberger

IPC分类号： F02F7/00

CPC分类号： F02F7/0048 ,  F01M2011/005

摘要： Crankshaft bearings suitable for a reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders are arranged in a housing made of a light metal alloy and include bearing bores for a crankshaft crank pins of a crankshaft. The bores having first and second bearing sections with first and second thrust bearings extending across a longitudinal plane of the crankshaft on both sides of a bearing parting plane. The second thrust bearings are part of a crankshaft bearing bridge connected to a crankcase. At least a portion of two thrust bearings of the crankshaft bearing bridge having neighboring or adjoining bore halves of the bearing bores is supported by connecting elements. The thrust bearings of the internal combustion engine open into longitudinal walls of the crankshaft bearing bridge with local widened areas in between.

摘要翻译： 适用于具有多个气缸的往复式活塞式内燃机的曲轴轴承布置在由轻金属合金制成的壳体中，并且包括用于曲轴曲轴曲柄销的轴承孔。 所述孔具有第一和第二轴承部分，所述第一和第二轴承部分具有第一和第二推力轴承，所述第一和第二推力轴承在轴承分离平面的两侧延伸穿过所述曲轴的纵向平面。 第二推力轴承是连接到曲轴箱的曲轴轴承桥的一部分。 具有轴承孔的相邻或相邻的半径的曲轴轴承桥的两个推力轴承的至少一部分由连接元件支撑。 内燃机的推力轴承通过曲轴轴承桥的纵向壁，其间具有局部加宽的区域。

公开(公告)号：US06431137B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

申请号：US09721738

申请日：2000-11-27

申请人： Michael Paul

发明人： Michael Paul

IPC分类号： F02F124

CPC分类号： F02F1/38 ,  F02B2075/125 ,  F02B2275/18 ,  F02F2001/245 ,  Y02T10/123

摘要： A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine has inlet and outlet valves for the charge cycle control in a combustion space of the cylinder head, which inlet and outlet valves are actuated by at least one camshaft. For providing a cylinder head system having the inlet valves and the outlet valves which is suitable for different internal-combustion engines with a manifold injection or a direct injection, the head system has constructional characteristics which are suitable for a first cylinder head variant with a manifold injection as well as for a second cylinder head variant with a direct injection. The second cylinder head variant is provided with injection nozzles installed from a longitudinal side which extend at an acute angle with respect to a plane extending between the second cylinder head variant and a cylinder housing when assembled on a cylinder housing.

摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的气缸盖具有用于在气缸盖的燃烧空间中的充气循环控制的入口和出口阀，该入口和出口阀由至少一个凸轮轴致动。 为了提供具有入口阀和出口阀的气缸盖系统，其适用于具有歧管喷射或直接喷射的不同内燃机，该头系统具有适合于具有歧管的第一气缸盖变型的结构特征 注射以及具有直接注射的第二气缸盖变型。 第二气缸盖变型设置有从纵向侧安装的注射喷嘴，其在组装在气缸壳体上时相对于在第二气缸盖变型和气缸壳体之间延伸的平面呈锐角延伸。

公开(公告)号：US5622143A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-22

申请号：US663296

申请日：1996-06-21

申请人： Klaus Fuoss ,  Wilhelm Hannibal ,  Michael Paul

发明人： Klaus Fuoss ,  Wilhelm Hannibal ,  Michael Paul

IPC分类号： F01L1/00 ,  F01L1/04 ,  F01L1/053 ,  F01L1/26 ,  F01L1/34 ,  F01L1/344 ,  F02B75/22 ,  F02F7/00

CPC分类号： F02B75/221 ,  F01L1/053 ,  F01L1/265 ,  F01L1/34406 ,  F01L2001/0537 ,  F02B2275/18 ,  F02F7/006

摘要： In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the cylinders are disposed in two rows, the cylinders in one row being staggered with respect to the cylinders in the other row and the longitudinal axes of the cylinders in the first row being disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axes of the cylinders in the other row. The outlet valves are located close to the plane of symmetry between the rows of cylinders whereas the inlet valves are located out of this plane. All of the outlet valves of both rows of cylinders are provided with a common centrally located camshaft whereas the inlet valves of each row of cylinders is provided with a dedicated sidelocated camshaft for each row.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP94 / 04013 371日期：1996年6月21日 102（e）1996年6月21日PCT 1994年12月2日PCT PCT。 公开号WO95 / 18290 日期1995年7月6日在多缸内燃机中，气缸分成两排，一列中的气缸相对于另一排中的气缸交错，第一排气缸的纵向轴为 与另一排中的气缸的纵向轴线成一角度设置。 出口阀靠近气缸排之间的对称平面，而进气阀位于该平面之外。 两列气缸的所有出气阀均设置有一个共同的中心位置的凸轮轴，而每排汽缸的进气阀门为每排设有一个专用的侧位凸轮轴。

公开(公告)号：US5350340A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-27

申请号：US671768

申请日：1991-03-27

申请人： Michael Paul ,  Eberhard Wilks ,  Peter Sigl

发明人： Michael Paul ,  Eberhard Wilks ,  Peter Sigl

IPC分类号： B60K17/346 ,  F16H48/30 ,  F16H1/445

CPC分类号： F16H57/037 ,  B60K17/3462 ,  F16H48/08 ,  F16H48/22 ,  F16H48/24 ,  F16H48/32 ,  F16H48/34 ,  F16H2048/082 ,  F16H2048/204 ,  F16H2048/346 ,  F16H48/40

摘要： In a differential, a clutch links an axially stationary planet carrier with an axially mobile output shaft so that they rotate together. Engaging gears with engaging surfaces parallel to the main axis link an axially stationary clutch part with the output shaft so that they rotate together. Engaging gears with engaging surfaces parallel to the main axis link an axially mobile clutch part with the planet carrier so that they rotate together.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP89 / 01151 Sec。 371日期1991年3月27日 102（e）1991年3月27日PCT PCT 1989年9月30日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 04118 日期为1990年04月19日。在差速器中，离合器将轴向固定的行星架与轴向移动的输出轴连接在一起。 啮合齿轮与啮合表面平行于主轴线将轴向固定的离合器部分与输出轴连接在一起。 啮合齿轮与平行于主轴线的接合表面将轴向可移动的离合器部分与行星架连接，使得它们一起旋转。