摘要:
Piezoelectric crystalline film on a substrate, which is a crystalline zinc oxide film with a c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface, the crystalline zinc oxide film containing as additive elements, vanadium, manganese and at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel. The piezoelectric crystalline films are homogeneous and have high resistivity and a smooth surface so that they can be used as a transducer with good conversion efficiency in a wide range of low to high frequencies.
摘要:
Piezoelectric crystalline films which consist essentially of a crystalline zinc oxide film with a c-axis perpendicular to a substrate surface, containing 0.01 to 20.0 atomic percent of vanadium. These films are prepared by radio-frequency sputtering.
摘要:
Piezoelectric crystalline films on substrate, which consist essentially of a crystalline zinc oxide film with a c-axis perpendicular to a substrate surface, containing 0.01 to 20.0 atomic percent of at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, cobalt and nickel.
摘要:
In a method for controlling ultrasonic waves wherein a plurality of elements constituting a phased array ultrasonic transducer are driven with desired delay times, the improvement therein comprising the fact that when values obtained by quantizing the delay times by a predetermined time are different between the adjacent elements, the ultrasonic waves are radiated with a delay of time corresponding to the difference.
摘要:
A system is provided for separating waste water or solution into a permea solution and a concentrated solution by feeding the waste water or solution to a reverse osmosis apparatus using a membrane.A chemical pretreating apparatus is provided to prevent hard scales contained in the waste water or solution from precipitation during the concentration in the reverse osmosis apparatus using the membrane. An apparatus for charging sponge balls is further provided to mechanically remove suspended solids and other suspended matters, that is, soft scales when deposited on the surface of membrane. The sponge balls are desirably recyclically used.
摘要:
This high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent uniform elongation and hole expandability contains, C: 0.01 to 0.4%; Si: 0.001 to 2.5%; Mn: 0.001 to 4.0%; P: 0.001 to 0.15%; S: 0.0005 to 0.03%; Al: 0.001 to 2.0%; N: 0.0005 to 0.01%; and O: 0.0005 to 0.01%; in which Si+Al is limited to less than 1.0%, and a balance being composed of iron and inevitable impurities, in which at a sheet thickness center portion, an average value of pole densities of the {100} to {223} orientation group is 5.0 or less, and a pole density of the {332} crystal orientation is 4.0 or less, a metal structure contains 5 to 80% of ferrite, 5 to 80% of bainite, and 1% or less of martensite in terms of an area ratio and the total of martensite, pearlite, and retained austenite is 5% or less, and an r value (rC) in a direction perpendicular to a rolling direction is 0.70 or more and an r value (r30) in a direction 30° from the rolling direction is 1.10 or less.
摘要:
A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet and a hot-dip galvanized layer arranged on the steel sheet, in which the Si content and the Al content by mass % of components of the steel sheet satisfy a relationship 0.5
摘要:
A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a measurement circuit configured to detect a measuring quantity dependent on temperature, and a heating circuit configured to generate heat in response to a detection, by the measurement circuit, of the measuring quantity indicating that the temperature is lower than a predetermined level.
摘要:
A volatile memory has a volatile additional area for storing an error correction code for a nonvolatile memory. Data stored in the nonvolatile memory are transferred to the volatile memory together with the error correction code without making an error correction. Thus, data transfer time from the nonvolatile memory to the volatile memory can be shortened. As a result, it is possible to shorten the time from beginning of the data transfer from the nonvolatile memory to the volatile memory to a point at which data becomes accessible.
摘要:
A domain controlled piezoelectnc single crystal is disclosed which uses a lateral vibration mode for an electromechanical coupling factor k31 not less than 70% and a piezoelectric constant −d31 not less than 1200 pC/N, with an electromechanical coupling factor k33 in the longitudinal vibration mode not less than 80% and a piezoelectric constant d33 not less than 800 pC/N. Also, a piezoelectric single crystal is disclosed which uses a high-performance longitudinal vibration mode with k31 not more than 30%. A fabrication method applies a DC electric field of 400 V/mm to 1500 V/mm for a maximum of two hours in a temperature range of 20° C. to 200° C. as polarization conditions in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric single crystal. The method can include cooling, or heating and cooling between temperature boundaries of rhombohedral and tetragonal crystals or between tetragonal and cubic crystals or within a cubic crystal temperature range.