摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve for each cylinder and an electronic air control valve (EACV) for controlling intake air bypassing the engine throttle valve. When the target air-fuel ratio is switched over from a rich value to a lean value, the amounts of fuel injected into the cylinders, for example, #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are controlled so that they are sequentially decreased at predetermined intervals, and the EACV is controlled to be opened stepwise. This causes a decrease in engine torque generated by the switching-over of the target air-fuel ratio to be offset by an increase in engine torque generated by an increase in amount of air drawn, thereby preventing the generation of a torque shock. At this time, the target opening degree of the EACV is corrected based on the magnitude of the interval and the magnitude of a loading of the internal combustion engine, thereby further effectively preventing the generation of the torque shock.
摘要:
There is provided a method for easily preparing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid resin in a one pot reaction by adding 1,3-substituted-1,1,3,3-tetraorganodistanoxan as a polymerization catalyst to a hydroxycarboxylic acid, such as L-lactic acid containing 10 to 50% of water as a starting material, and stirring while heating under a reduced pressure condition or in an organic solvent.
摘要:
A commutator has such a construction that a flange having an outside diameter larger than the outside diameter of a cylindrical body is provided integrally with the cylindrical body in the vicinity of one end of the cylindrical body; guide grooves formed in a circular arc shape in cross section are provided on the flange at the boundary of the flange to the cylindrical body; engaging pieces passing through the guide grooves are provided on one end of a commutator segment; and engaging pieces are caused to deform plastically to fixedly fit the engaging pieces to the flange.
摘要:
Leaf brushes for small electric motors having commutator slide surfaces for making electrical contact with a motor commutator and constructed so that a multiplicity of fine ridges are densely formed on the commutator slide surfaces.
摘要:
Disclosed is a novel compound represented by formula (1) below. In the formula, A represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic group, B represents a group including a chain of one to four pieces of one or more groups selected from groups represented by specific formulae (B-1) to (B-13) (such as —C═C— or —N═N—, specifically see the description), R1 to R3 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, at least one of R1 to R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbonoxy group, R4 and R5 each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, R4 and R5 may be linked together to form a ring, and R4 and R5 may be each independently linked with A to form a ring.
摘要:
The photoelectric conversion device described herein includes a working electrode having a dye-supported metal oxide electrode in which a dye is supported on a metal oxide layer. The dye includes a structure represented by general formula (I) wherein A is a structure having a maximum absorption wavelength λmax of 350 to 500 nm in a methanol solution; B is a cyanine skeleton having a maximum absorption wavelength λmax of 500 to 700 nm in a methanol solution; Z1 is any one divalent linking group selected from —CONR—, —NRCO—, —SO2NR—, and —NRSO2—; R in Z1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; Y1 and Y2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a single bond, and may be the same or different; r is 1 or 2; m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and (m+n) is 1 or more.
摘要:
Provided are a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, a coating material, a medium, and a polarizing device each produced using a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a colorant and each capable of producing polarized light suitable for polarizing devices, and also a novel naphtholactam derivative, a novel coumarin derivative, a novel Nile Red derivative, and a novel anthracene derivative each suitable for use as the colorant. Specifically provided are a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing (A) at least one liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable functional group, (B) at least one colorant, and (C) a polymerization initiator, and a novel naphtholactam derivative of formula (IV′), a novel coumarin derivative of formula (VI′), a novel Nile Red derivative of formula (VII′), and a novel anthracene derivative of formula (VIII′) each suitable for use as the colorant (B).
摘要:
The photoelectric conversion device described herein includes a working electrode having a dye-supported metal oxide electrode in which a dye is supported on a metal oxide layer. The dye includes a structure represented by general formula (I) wherein A is a structure having a maximum absorption wavelength λmax of 350 to 500 nm in a methanol solution; B is a cyanine skeleton having a maximum absorption wavelength λmax of 500 to 700 nm in a methanol solution; Z1 is any one divalent linking group selected from —CONR—, —NRCO—, —SO2NR—, and —NRSO2—; R in Z1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; Y1 and Y2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a single bond, and may be the same or different; r is 1 or 2; m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and (m+n) is 1 or more.
摘要:
A photoelectric conversion device capable of improving conversion efficiency is provided. The photoelectric conversion device includes a work electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte-containing layer. In the work electrode, a metal oxide semiconductor layer supporting a dye is provided. The dye contains a cyanine compound. The cyanine compound has heterocyclic skeletons containing indolenine skeletons bonded with both ends of a methine chain, an anchor group introduced to a nitrogen atom contained in the indolenine skeletons, and a phenanthrene skeleton contained in one of the heterocyclic skeletons. In the case where light enters the dye, electron injection efficiency to the metal oxide semiconductor layer is improved.