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    Polarity reversal and double reversal electrodeionization apparatus and method
    41.
    发明授权
    Polarity reversal and double reversal electrodeionization apparatus and method 失效
    极性反转和双反向电去离子装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5558753A

    公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

    申请号：US437624

    申请日：1995-05-09

    Applicant: Christopher J. Gallagher ,  Frederick Wilkins ,  Gary C. Ganzi

    Inventor： Christopher J. Gallagher ,  Frederick Wilkins ,  Gary C. Ganzi

    IPC: B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/50 ,  B01D61/52 ,  B01D61/54 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/469

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/50 ,  B01D61/52 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/4615

    Abstract: Electrodeionization apparatus having a novel polarity reversal protocol designed to provide continuous, high-quality product fluid is described. The protocol involves substitution of a recirculating fluid stream established in an ion-concentrating compartment by a fluid stream having a lower ionic concentration, while maintaining fluid flow through an adjacent ion-depleting compartment. A method and protocol for modifying the ionic makeup of compartment ion exchange material and fluids are also provided. A flow reversal protocol is also provided, during which high-quality fluid product is recovered from the inventive apparatus. The polarity reversal protocol and flow reversal protocol may each be effected separately, or the flow reversal may be introduced into the sequence of the polarity reversal protocol. The inventive electrodeionization apparatus is arranged in a novel cell pair grouping configuration and oriented such that fluid flow through an ion-concentrating compartment is in a substantially upward direction, facilitating efficient removal of gas generated in the ion-concentrating compartment.

    Abstract translation: 描述了具有设计用于提供连续的高质量产品流体的新型极性反转协议的电离电离装置。 该方案包括通过具有较低离子浓度的流体流替代建立在离子浓缩室中的再循环流体流，同时保持流体流过相邻的离子消耗室。 还提供了用于改变室离子交换材料和流体的离子组成的方法和方案。 还提供了流动反转协议，在此期间从本发明的设备回收高质量流体产品。 极性反转协议和流反转协议可以分别进行，或者可以将逆向反转引入到极性反转协议的序列中。 本发明的电去离子装置被布置成新颖的细胞对分组构型并且被定向成使得流过离子浓缩室的流体基本上向上方向，有助于有效地除去在离子浓缩室中产生的气体。

    Method of inhibiting scale formation in spa halogen generator
    42.
    发明授权
    Method of inhibiting scale formation in spa halogen generator 失效
    抑制温泉卤素发生器结垢的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5545310A

    公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

    申请号：US413514

    申请日：1995-03-30

    Applicant: Michael A. Silveri

    Inventor： Michael A. Silveri

    IPC: C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C25B9/12 ,  C25B15/00

    CPC classification number: C25B9/125 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C25B15/00 ,  C02F2001/46119 ,  C02F2001/46123 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2103/42 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2209/006 ,  C02F2209/04 ,  C02F2301/024 ,  C02F2303/04

    Abstract: A halogen generator produces a halogen sanitizing agent to sanitize water in a spa or other water feature. A coaxial wall fitting desirably couples the halogen generator to the water feature. The halogen generator desirably includes a bipolar electrolytic cell in which a center electrode plate rotates between stationary anode and cathode plates. The bipolar electrode includes a plurality of vanes which motivate water flow between the anode and the cathode. The vanes on the rotating electrode also produce a flow of water through the generator. In this manner, the bipolar electrode functions as a impeller to pump water through the halogen generator. The vanes are positioned between the electrode and cathode, and are sufficiently spaced from the cathode to inhibit scale formation on the cathode. The vanes, however, generally do not contact the cathode when rotating. The rotational direction of the electrode relative to the cathode may be reversed periodically and/or the gap spacing between electrode and the cathode may be decreased periodically to enhance removal of scale.

    Abstract translation: 卤素发生器产生卤素消毒剂，以在水疗或其他水中消毒水。 同轴壁配件理想地将卤素发生器耦合到水的特征。 卤素发生器理想地包括其中中心电极板在固定阳极和阴极板之间旋转的双极电解池。 双极电极包括激励阳极和阴极之间的水流的多个叶片。 旋转电极上的叶片也产生通过发生器的水流。 以这种方式，双极电极用作叶轮以泵送水通过卤素发生器。 叶片位于电极和阴极之间，并且与阴极充分间隔开以抑制阴极上的结垢。 然而，叶片旋转时通常不接触阴极。 电极相对于阴极的旋转方向可以周期性地反转和/或可以周期性地减小电极和阴极之间的间隙，以增强刻度的去除。

    Planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor and a method of treating liquids with the capacitor
    43.
    发明授权
    Planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor and a method of treating liquids with the capacitor 失效
    平面，流通，电，双层电容器和用电容器处理液体的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5538611A

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

    申请号：US379493

    申请日：1995-01-27

    Applicant: Toshiro Otowa

    Inventor： Toshiro Otowa

    IPC: B01J19/08 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/469 ,  H01G9/00 ,  H01G9/155 ,  B01D17/06 ,  B03C5/02 ,  C10G33/02

    CPC classification number: B01J19/249 ,  B01J19/087 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  H01G9/155 ,  B01J2219/2453 ,  B01J2219/247 ,  B01J2219/2475 ,  B01J2219/2493 ,  B01J2219/2497 ,  C02F1/283 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2209/05 ,  Y02E60/13

    Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor providing for a high, steady rate of removal of ionic substances and amenable to commercial scale application and a method of treating fluids using the flow-through electric double-layer capacitor. The invention is a planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor comprising a separator (1) consisting in an electrically-insulating, porous, flow-through sheet, activated carbon layers (2, 2), each comprising a high specific surface area activated carbon as a main component, collectors (3, 3) disposed externally of the active carbon layers (2, 2), and retaining plates (4, 4) disposed externally of the collectors (3, 3). A fluid containing ionic substances is treated by passing the fluid through the planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor and repeating, in alternate cycles, application of a direct current constant voltage to collectors (3, 3) and short-circuiting or reversal of connection between collectors (3, 3).

    Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / US94 / 05364 Sec。 371日期：1995年1月27日 102（e）日期1995年1月27日PCT提交1994年5月12日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 26669 日期1994年11月24日本发明的目的是提供一种流通电气，双层电容器，其提供高稳定的离子物质去除速率并适于商业规模应用，以及使用 流通双电层电容器。 本发明是一种平面，流通，电，双层电容器，其包括由电绝缘的多孔的流通片材组成的分离器（1），活性炭层（2,2），每个活性炭层（2） 表面积活性炭为主要成分，设置在活性炭层（2,2）外部的收集体（3,3）和设置在收集器（3,3）外部的保持板（4,4）。 含有离子物质的流体通过使流体通过平面的，流通的，电的，双层的电容器进行处理，并且以交替的周期重复地将直流恒定电压施加到收集器（3,3）和短路 或反向收集器（3,3）之间的连接。

    Process of removing cyanide from waste water
    47.
    发明授权
    Process of removing cyanide from waste water 失效
    从废水中除去氰化物的工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5288373A

    公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

    申请号：US75864

    申请日：1993-06-11

    Applicant: Xinyu Yang

    Inventor： Xinyu Yang

    IPC: A61B17/00 ,  B01D53/54 ,  B01D53/68 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F1/461

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4674 ,  B01D53/54 ,  B01D53/68 ,  A61B2017/0046 ,  C02F2101/18 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/4615

    Abstract: A process for removing cyanide from liquid waste by electrolysis is disclosed. The method includes combining waste water and NaCl to an electrolyser cell, the cell having positive and negative electrode plates. The NaCl concentration in the cell is maintained at about 180 g/l. HCl and NaOH are added to maintain the pH at about 10.5. The liquids are agitated, and a current is applied to the electrode plates. The cyanide is decomposed, and the heavy metals are separated out. The waste gasses are sent through a purifying tower where CO.sub.2 and N.sub.2 are released. A decyanation apparatus comprising an electrolyser and a gas purifier is also disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 公开了通过电解从废液中除去氰化物的方法。 该方法包括将废水和NaCl结合到电解池中，电池具有正极板和负极板。 电池中的NaCl浓度保持在约180g / l。 加入HCl和NaOH以将pH保持在约10.5。 搅拌液体，并向电极板施加电流。 氰化物被分解，重金属被分离出来。 废气通过净化塔送出，其中释放出二氧化碳和氮气。 还公开了一种包括电解槽和气体净化器的脱色设备。

    Automatic chlorinating apparatus
    48.
    发明授权
    Automatic chlorinating apparatus 失效
    自动氯化装置

    公开(公告)号：US5221451A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-22

    申请号：US853076

    申请日：1992-03-17

    Applicant: William L. Seneff ,  Ronald L. Athey

    Inventor： William L. Seneff ,  Ronald L. Athey

    IPC: C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/467

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4674 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/4606 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F2103/42 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2303/04

    Abstract: A pressurized gas chlorinator is constructed in the form of a two-compartment pressurized container. The lower container is filled with a media liquid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). A pair of electrodes are located in the lower container beneath the surface of the media liquid, with one of the electrodes located at or near the bottom of the container and the other electrode located at or just below the top surface of the media liquid. Electric current is applied to the electrodes to cause a breakdown of the HCl into Hydrogen and Chlorine gas. A floor member is spaced a short distance above the surface of the media liquid in the lower compartment, and has an opening in it. This floor member comprises the bottom of the upper compartment; and gas is passed upwardly through the opening in the floor member into the upper compartment. Side walls surround the opening, and transport liquid (typically, water) flows into and out of the upper compartment around the side walls to absorb the gases, which are under pressure in the upper portion of the upper container. When the gas pressure drops, some of the transport liquid is permitted to pass over the top of the side walls to drop through the opening in the floor member to replenish the media liquid, which is constantly being depleted by means of the electrolysis action. This prevents excess gases from being present in either the lower chamber or the upper chamber.

    Abstract translation: 加压气体氯化器以双室加压容器的形式构成。 下部容器填充有介质液体，例如盐酸（HCl）。 一对电极位于介质液体表面下方的下部容器中，其中一个电极位于容器的底部或接近底部，另一个电极位于介质液体的顶表面或正下方。 电流被施加到电极上，导致HCl分解成氢气和氯气。 地板构件在下隔室中的介质液体的表面上方间隔一段距离，并且在其中具有开口。 该地板构件包括上隔室的底部; 并且气体向上通过地板构件中的开口进入上隔室。 侧壁围绕开口，并且输送液体（通常为水）在侧壁周围流入和排出上部隔室，以吸收处于上部容器上部的压力下的气体。 当气体压力下降时，允许一些运输液体通过侧壁的顶部以落下通过地板构件中的开口，以补充通过电解作用不断耗尽的介质液体。 这可以防止过多的气体存在于下腔室或上腔室中。

    On-site oxidant generator
    49.
    发明授权
    On-site oxidant generator 失效
    现场氧化剂发生器

    公开(公告)号：US5133848A

    公开(公告)日：1992-07-28

    申请号：US740095

    申请日：1991-08-05

    Applicant: Donald E. Meyers

    Inventor： Donald E. Meyers

    IPC: C02F1/467

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4674 ,  C02F2103/42 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4615 ,  C02F2201/46155 ,  C02F2201/4617

    Abstract: A water treatment device which is of simple construction and operation, and which can provide sufficient oxidant gas to disinfect drinking water for about 3,000 people. The device includes an electrolysis unit, a water flow circuit with constant water flow and a venturi which aspirates the oxidant gas produced by the electrolysis unit. A timer turns the electrolysis unit on and off to maintain oxidant gas levels substantial constant in the water supply and a valve is provided which is operated by a timer unit to replace water in the anode compartment of the electrolysis unit. When the electrolysis unit is shut-off for maintenance, the venturi is used to aspirate liquid from the electrolysis unit, thus avoiding operator contact with caustic chemicals to the extent possible.

    Abstract translation: 一种水处理装置，施工操作简单，可提供足够的氧化剂气体，约3000人饮用水。 该装置包括电解单元，具有恒定水流的水流回路和抽吸由电解单元产生的氧化剂气体的文丘里管。 定时器打开和关闭电解单元以维持供水中的氧化剂气体水平基本上恒定，并且提供由定时器单元操作以更换电解单元的阳极室中的水的阀。 当电解单元关闭以进行维护时，文丘里管用于从电解单元吸出液体，从而避免操作者尽可能接触苛性化学品。

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