摘要:
Microcapsules, for inclusion in concrete, adapted to reduce the area of a defect by at least 45% in said concrete once a quantity of said microcapsules has ruptured, said microcapsules each comprising: a polymeric shell encapsulating a liquid core, wherein the polymeric shell comprises a substantially impermeable polymer layer and the liquid core comprises carbonatogenic bacterial spores, and optionally bacterial nutrients, dispersed in a liquid medium. Also disclosed is a concrete composition comprising a quantity of such microcapsules, and a method of reducing the area of a defect in concrete.
摘要:
A cement for use in wells in which carbon dioxide is injected, stored or extracted, comprises elastomer particles. In the event of cement-matrix failure, or bonding failure between the cement/casing interface or the cement/borehole-wall interface, the elastomer particles swell when contacted by carbon dioxide. The swelling seals voids in the cement matrix, or along the bonding interfaces, thereby restoring zonal isolation.
摘要:
A paving material for filling gaps between paving blocks or the like, the paving material comprising a powdered or granulated mixture of: inert particulate; a water-soluble resin formable from a polymerisation reaction between formaldehyde and an at least difunctional nucleophile; and a water-soluble acid. The paving material is filled into gaps between blocks and then liquid water is applied thereto, or the sand is exposed to ambient humidity (gaseous water). Upon contact with the water, the resin coats the sand and then sets hard, thereby stabilising the block paving.
摘要:
A dosing bag filled with dry additive material is made using a dissolvable starch-based film. When the dosing bag with its contents are introduced into a mixture with water, it dissolves and releases its contents. The dosing bags are made in a chain. In this manner, any number of the dosing bags can be removed from the chain for use. The dosing bags are made from film material that is formed into a tube structure. While the tube structure is being partially filled, a section on the interior of the tube structure is shielded from contamination. After the partial filling, the tube is heat sealed closed in the area that was previously shielded. The shielded area is clean of contaminants and enables a high-quality seam to be formed. The shielding, filling, and sealing process is repeated multiple times to create the chain of dosing bags.
摘要:
A self-curing concrete is provided to absorb water from atmosphere from air to achieve better hydration of cement in concrete. It solves the problem that the degree of cement hydration is lowered due to no curing or improper curing, and thus unsatisfactory properties of concrete. According to the invention, high-performance self-curing agent about 0.1˜5 wt % of cement weight of the concrete is added to concrete during mixing. The self-curing agent can absorb moisture from atmosphere and then release it to concrete. The self-curing concrete means that no curing is required for concrete, or even no any external supplied water is required after placing. The properties of this self-cured concrete of this invention are at least comparable to and even better than those of concrete with traditional curing.
摘要:
Self-healing coatings incorporate microcapsules of about 60-150 microns diameter that contain film formers and dust suppression compounds suitable for controlling spalling of lead dust, for example. In one embodiment, a primer paint is mixed with these microcapsules and applied by brushing or rolling. After the coating has cured, any physical compromise of the coating results in microcapsules bursting to release liquid that fills and seals the compromised volume. The microcapsule contents protect the underlying substrate from damage and repair some of the outer coating. In one application, embodiments of these self-healing coatings seal existing lead-based paint for suppression of lead dust. In another embodiment, microcapsules are provided separately to enhance commercially available products. For example, if a paint formulation is known a priori, specifically configured microcapsules, packaged separately from the paint and designed for use with the paint formulation, are added to the paint just prior to application.
摘要:
A self-healing cement system includes cement, water and at least one additive that swells in contact with water from reservoir or from formation in the case of a structural failure in the set cement to provide a physical barrier in the zone of failure. Examples of such material include particles of super-absorbent polymer. These additives have the effect of making the cement self-healing in the event of physical failure or damage such as micro-annuli. The self healing property is produced by the contact of the water itself, the potential repair mechanism is thus activated if and when needed in case of start of loss of zonal isolation. Several super-absorbent polymers have been identified such as polyacrylamide, modified crosslinked poly(meth)acrylate and non-solute acrylic polymers.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a multiple layer composite material and to a method for producing the same. Said multiple layer composite material has at least one layer of cement-bound concrete and at least one layer of polymer-bound concrete. The transition between adjacent layers of cement-bound concrete and polymer-bound concrete has at least the material strength of the less stable one of the concrete layers adjoining the transition. The layer of polymer-bound concrete allows the diffusion of water vapor, but does not allow liquid water to penetrate. The multiple layer composite material can be produced completely in an aqueous system.
摘要:
A cementing composition comprising a hydraulic cement powder dispersed in a solvent that is miscible both with water and hydrocarbons to make a slurry. The cement powder can be made up simply of hydraulic cement materials or can be a mixture of such materials with particles that are inert or reactive with cement. The composition can also include surfactants or retarders. The composition is used to plug water production in a well while leaving hydrocarbon production unaffected.
摘要:
A solar cell having a rear backing of a polyvinylfluoride foil is bonded by a mortar consisting of a finely divided neutral aggregate, a hydraulic cement and an aqueous dispersion of a polyacrylic acid derivative having a logarithmic decrement of torsional vibration damping with a maximum at a temperature below 0° C. to the surface of a building composed of concrete, to a porous glass or to a metal plate which is hung on a building.